Table 1.
Demographic, TOVA, and Drug Preference Data for Additional Treatment (AT), Clinician-Operated EEG Biofeedback (CEB), and an Automated EEG Biofeedback (AEB) Group
| Variable | AT | CEB | AEB | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 32 | 33 | 30 | |
| Sex (% female) | 37.5 | 30.5 | 37.0 | 0.30a |
| Age (M ± SD) | 30 ± 6 | 37 ± 10 | 32 ± 11 | 0.44b |
| Education (years) | 12.91 ± 1.70 | 13.29 ± 2.48 | 12.79 ± 2.44 | 0.64b |
| TOVA baseline | ||||
| RT variability | 85.5 ± 4.1 | 80.0 ± 4.0 | 78.7 ± 4.1 | 0.78b |
| Commission errors | 101.2 ± 3.0 | 93.3 ± 2.9 | 90.8 ± 3.1 | 0.16b |
| Omission errors | 77.9 ± 4 | 82.9 ± 4.0 | 77.0 ± 4.3 | 0.41b |
| d′ | 80.3 ± 4.4 | 84.3 ± 4.3 | 81.9 ± 4.5 | 0.69b |
| RT | 99.9 ± 4.3 | 102.7 ± 4.2 | 103.3 ± 4.4 | 0.80b |
| Race (%) | ||||
| African American | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
| Latino | 18 | 12 | 18 | |
| Caucasian | 67 | 82 | 67 | 0.87a |
| Other | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| Primary drug (%) | ||||
| Methamphetamine | 32.2 | 36.5 | 55.2 | 0.38a |
| Heroin | 22.6 | 30.3 | 20.7 | |
| Other opiates | 16.1 | 6.1 | 3.4 | |
| Alcohol | 3.2 | 12.1 | 10.3 | |
| Marijuana/hashish | 6.5 | 9.1 | 3.4 | |
| Cocaine/crack | 9.7 | 6.1 | 3.4 | |
| Sedatives | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other | 3.2 | 0 | 3.4 | |
a
Chi square test.
b
One-way ANOVA.