Table 4.
Correlates of discouragement from smoking
| Adolescents in phone survey (n=863) | Adults in phone survey (n=4445) | Adults in internet survey (n=4024) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Constituent characteristics | ||||||
| Respondent aware constituent is in cigarette smoke | ||||||
| No | 73.7 | Ref | 68.0 | Ref | 34.2 | Ref |
| Yes | 81.5 | 1.84 (1.41 to 2.41)** | 71.3 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.35)* | 45.5 | 2.02 (1.79 to 2.27)** |
| Constituent name starts with number | ||||||
| No | 77.9 | Ref | 69.9 | Ref | 39.3 | Ref |
| Yes | 71.2 | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.29) | 65.7 | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.91)* | 29.7 | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.90)* |
| Constituent name ending | ||||||
| ‘ene’ or ‘ine’ | 72.8 | Ref | 66.5 | Ref | 30.5 | Ref |
| ‘ide’ or ‘yde’ | 80.8 | 1.79 (1.27 to 2.52)** | 71.9 | 1.43 (1.23 to 1.68)** | 43.5 | 2.21 (1.92 to 2.55)** |
| Other | 80.4 | 1.95 (1.44 to 2.64)** | 71.7 | 1.78 (1.54 to 2.06)** | 45.8 | 2.89 (2.55 to 3.28)** |
| Constituent name length | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)* | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | |||
| Person characteristics | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Age | 0.23 (0.07 to 0.81)* | 1.21 (1.15 to 1.27)** | 1.39 (1.30 to 1.49)** | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 81.2 | Ref | 74.7 | Ref | 43.5 | Ref |
| Male | 72.6 | 0.52 (0.37 to 0.73)** | 63.1 | 0.47 (0.40 to 0.56)** | 31.9 | 0.50 (0.43 to 0.57)** |
| Gay, lesbian or bisexual† | ||||||
| No | 76.9 | Ref | 69.7 | Ref | 38.6 | Ref |
| Yes | 75.5 | 1.02 (0.43 to 2.42) | 56.8 | 0.64 (0.42 to 0.96)* | 31.4 | 0.72 (0.57 to 0.91)* |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 82.0 | 0.60 (0.38 to 0.95)* | 75.6 | 0.51 (0.42 to 0.62)** | 45.0 | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.77)** |
| Other | 75.7 | Ref | 66.7 | Ref | 36.3 | Ref |
| Hispanic | ||||||
| No | 77.3 | Ref | 68.6 | Ref | 37.1 | Ref |
| Yes | 70.3 | 0.53 (0.27 to 1.02) | 76.0 | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.89)* | 45.2 | 1.67 (1.27 to 2.18)** |
| Attended college† | ||||||
| No | 75.3 | Ref | 70.4 | Ref | 37.7 | Ref |
| Yes | 82.2 | 1.99 (1.29 to 3.06)* | 66.8 | 1.35 (1.12 to 1.62)* | 38.2 | 1.54 (1.24 to 1.92)** |
| Numeracy | ||||||
| Low | 75.6 | Ref | 66.0 | Ref | 30.7 | Ref |
| High | 77.2 | 1.11 (0.75 to 1.63) | 70.5 | 1.34 (1.12 to 1.60)* | 38.4 | 1.59 (1.21 to 2.08)** |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 78.7 | Ref | 78.3 | Ref | 48.6 | Ref |
| Smoker | 37.1 | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.17)** | 38.3 | 0.09 (0.07 to 0.11)** | 17.8 | 0.12 (0.11 to 0.15)** |
Outcome was being ‘a lot’ discouraged from wanting to smoke. Adjusted models controlled for all variables in table and constituent panel. The intraclass correlation was 0.45 for adolescents, 0.55 for adults in the phone survey and 0.48 for adults in the internet survey.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.001.
†
For analyses of adolescent data, attended college was whether mother attended college and sexual orientation was sexual attraction to people of the same sex.
aOR, adjusted OR; Ref, reference group.