Figure 6.

(A) EMG responses from leg muscles during assisted standing and a rapid unilateral arm raise in an individual with a complete motor and sensory spinal cord injury. A series of motor potentials with rhythmic amplitude modulation elicited by transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation is shown. Arrows indicate reciprocal (during unperturbed standing) and synchronous (during the anticipation Hand UP phase) responses. (B) During unperturbed standing, the rhythmic amplitude modulation between the left and right vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus (SOL) muscles was reciprocal. Shortly before the right arm raise following the auditory command, the cyclic reciprocal amplitude modulation between the left and right muscles becomes synchronous. Arrows indicate reciprocal (during unperturbed standing) and synchronous (during the anticipation phase) responses. Red dashed line indicates the right arm raise; green dashed line indicates the onset of the anticipation phase. R and L, right and left. AD, anterior deltoid; stim, transcutaneous electrical stimulation.