Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants by academic institution and smoking status
| Characteristic | Brown University (US) |
Bologna University (Italy) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smokers | Non-smokers | Smokers | Non-smokers | |
| Overall | 9 | 138 | 139 | 331 |
| Cigarettes (n/d) | ||||
| <1 | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0.0) | 45 (32.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| 1-5 | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0.0) | 47 (33.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| 6-10 | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (18.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| 11-15 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| 16-20 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| >20 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Age (y) | ||||
| 19-21 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.4) | 41 (29.5) | 99 (29.9) |
| 22-24 | 5 (55.5) | 67 (48.5) | 61 (43.8) | 172 (51.9) |
| 25-27 | 2 (22.2) | 51 (36.9) | 27 (19.4) | 40 (12.1) |
| 28-30 | 1 (11.1) | 11 (7.9) | 6 (4.3) | 12 (3.6) |
| >30 | 1 (11.1) | 7 (5.1) | 4 (2.8) | 8 (2.4) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 6 (66.7) | 48 (34.8) | 72 (51.8) | 131 (39.6) |
| Female | 3 (33.3) | 90 (65.2) | 67 (48.2) | 200 (60.4) |
| Attitudes and beliefs | ||||
| Believe that cigarette usage by a physician affects approach to a patient’s smoking habit | ||||
| Yes | 6 (66.7) | 132 (95.6) | 78 (56.1) | 274 (82.8) |
| No | 3 (33.3) | 6 (4.4) | 61 (43.8) | 57 (17.2) |
| Cigarettes smoked per day by a physician needed to influence a patient’s opinion on professionalism (n) | ||||
| 1-5 | 6 (66.6) | 111 (81.1) | 68 (48.9) | 220 (66.4) |
| 6-10 | 0 (0.0) | 15 (10.9) | 23 (16.5) | 41 (12.4) |
| 11-15 | 2 (22.2) | 6 (4.3) | 14 (10.1) | 20 (6.1) |
| 16-20 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (4.3) | 10 (3.1) |
| >20 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.2) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (1.2) |
| No influence | 1 (11.1) | 2 (1.5) | 24 (17.3) | 36 (10.8) |
| Cigarettes smoked per day needed to make a physician concerned about a patient's health (n) | ||||
| 1-5 | 4 (44.4) | 102 (73.9) | 16 (11.5) | 81 (24.4) |
| 6-10 | 4 (44.4) | 26 (18.8) | 40 (28.8) | 117 (35.3) |
| 11-15 | 0 (0.0) | 7 (5.1) | 48 (34.5) | 82 (24.7) |
| 16-20 | 1 (11.1) | 2 (1.4) | 21 (15.1) | 44 (13.3) |
| >20 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 14 (10.7) | 7 (2.1) |
| Skills | ||||
| Ask about smoking habits during a routine H&P | ||||
| Yes | 9 (100.0) | 132 (95.6) | 122 (87.7) | 291 (87.9) |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 6 (4.4) | 17 (12.2) | 40 (12.1) |
| Discuss cessation counseling or treatment options if a patient smokes | ||||
| Yes | 5 (55.6) | 83 (60.1) | 46 (33.1) | 118 (35.6) |
| No | 4 (44.4) | 55 (39.9) | 93 (66.9) | 213 (64.3) |
| Curricula | ||||
| Received formal training in smoking cessation approaches during medical school training | ||||
| Yes | 6 (66.7) | 112 (81.2) | 19 (13.7) | 25 (7.5) |
| No | 3 (33.3) | 26 (18.8) | 120 (86.3) | 306 (92.4) |
| Believe medical students should receive specific training on smoking cessation | ||||
| Yes | 9 (100.0) | 136 (98.5) | 106 (76.3) | 296 (89.4) |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 33 (23.7) | 35 (10.6) |
Values are presented as number (%).
H&P, history and physical examination.