Table 1.

Chemical composition of essential oils from Thymbra capitata and Thymus species at different phenological stages

	Thymbra capitata		Thymus caespititius		Thymus mastichina		Thymus zygis
	Flower	Fruit	Flower	Fruit	Flower	Fruit	Flower	Fruit
α-pinene	0.82 ± 0.152	0.99 ± 0.11b	2.25 ± 0.181	2.32 ± 0.25a	0.27 ± 0.083	0.27 ± 0.07c	0.45 ± 0.133	0.43 ± 0.06c
Camphene	0.87 ± 0.113	1.00 ± 0.07bc	0.94 ± 0.113	0.78 ± 0.10c	5.15 ± 0.281A	3.39 ± 0.19aB	1.38 ± 0.102	1.18 ± 0.14c
β-myrcene	1.61 ± 0.373	1.87 ± 0.12b	3.17 ± 0.242A	2.25 ± 0.09bB	9.81 ± 0.701A	5.69 ± 0.33aB	2.87 ± 0.082A	1.36 ± 0.13cB
Limonene + 1-8cineole	nd3	ndc	1.33 ± 0.142	0.88 ± 0.25b	71.82 ± 1.221	78.37 ± 1.26a	1.50 ± 0.242A	0.90 ± 0.10bB
α-terpinene	1.53 ± 0.101A	1.09 ± 0.10aB	nd2	ndb	nd2	ndb	nd2	ndb
p-cymene	7.29 ± 0.313B	9.10 ± 0.05bA	10.66 ± 0.522	10.02 ± 1.82b	nd4	ndc	22.56 ± 1.351B	29.68 ± 1.10aA
γ-terpinene	4.83 ± 0.253A	4.14 ± 0.31abB	6.15 ± 0.522A	3.54 ± 0.21bB	0.53 ± 0.044B	0.66 ± 0.04cA	11.31 ± 0.641A	4.53 ± 0.35aB
Linalool	3.38 ± 0.471	3.25 ± 0.17a	0.74 ± 0.062	0.91 ± 0.22b	3.37 ± 0.211A	1.30 ± 0.31bB	1.50 ± 0.402	1.37 ± 0.14b
Terpinen-4-ol	0.39 ± 0.203	0.21 ± 0.08d	1.34 ± 0.122	1.39 ± 0.06b	2.34 ± 0.261	2.15 ± 0.18a	0.91 ± 0.1223	0.88 ± 0.12c
α-terpineol	0.88 ± 0.253	0.82 ± 0.09c	42.44 ± 1.551B	53.20 ± 0.84aA	5.32 ± 0.562	5.05 ± 0.16b	tr4	trd
Carvacrol	75.51 ± 1.581	74.27 ± 2.00a	0.32 ± 0.103	0.63 ± 0.22b	nd4	ndc	4.29 ± 0.202A	1.08 ± 0.14bB
β-caryophyllene oxide	1.29 ± 0.151	1.36 ± 0.10a	nd2	ndb	nd2	ndb	nd2	ndb
Thymol	nd3	ndc	0.82 ± 0.122	0.92 ± 0.09b	nd3	ndc	45.09 ± 3.921B	52.70 ± 2.32aB
% total	98.41	98.09	70.16	76.84	98.59	96.89	91.87	94.11

Values were expressed as mean ± SEM. nd Not detected. tr. trace (<0.01). Within each column, values followed by the same capital letter in a column did not share significant differences at 5% (Student’s t-test). Within each row, values followed by the same lowercase letter or number did not share significant differences at 5% (Tukey’s test)