Table 1.
Performance parameters for different analytes evaluated by UPLC–MS
| Compound | Retentiona time (min) | RSDb (%) for retention time | Cone voltage (V) | MSc (m/z) | LODd (µg/L) | LOQe (µg/L) | RSDf (%) for concentration | Linearityg (µg/L) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthocyanins | |||||||||
| Dephinidin-3-O-glucoside | 3.67 | 1.36 | 35 | 465.2 | 5.60 | 18.50 | 1.44 | 65–2000 | 0.9964 |
| Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside | 3.91 | 1.60 | 35 | 449.2 | 4.40 | 14.80 | 3.57 | 65–2000 | 0.9958 |
| Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside | 4.01 | 1.69 | 35 | 595.2 | 1.40 | 4.70 | 1.37 | 65–2000 | 0.9997 |
| Perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside | 4.06 | 1.00 | 35 | 433.2 | 4.10 | 13.50 | 1.84 | 65–2000 | 0.9979 |
| Malvinidin-3-O- glucoside | 4.18 | 1.54 | 35 | 493.2 | 4.20 | 14.10 | 2.59 | 65–2000 | 0.9998 |
| Non-anthocyanin polyphenols | |||||||||
| Gallic acid | 0.43 | 0.20 | 30 | 169.0 | 0.80 | 2.66 | 1.76 | 65–2000 | 0.9999 |
| Protocatechuic acid | 0.78 | 0.53 | 30 | 153.1 | 0.55 | 2.82 | 0.62 | 65–2000 | 0.9997 |
| p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 1.35 | 1.36 | 30 | 137.1 | 2.02 | 6.72 | 1.05 | 65–2000 | 0.9992 |
| (+)-Catechin | 2.04 | 0.28 | 35 | 289.0 | 1.19 | 3.95 | 1.05 | 65–2000 | 0.9952 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 2.10 | 2.20 | 30 | 353.0 | 3.95 | 13.16 | 1.82 | 65–2000 | 0.9994 |
| Caffeic acid | 2.29 | 3.10 | 30 | 179.1 | 3.98 | 13.26 | 1.10 | 65–2000 | 0.9994 |
| p-Coumaric acid | 3.54 | 2.05 | 30 | 163.1 | 5.30 | 15.32 | 1.31 | 65–2000 | 0.9977 |
| Ferrulic acid | 3.92 | 1.71 | 30 | 193.1 | 3.03 | 10.11 | 2.67 | 65–2000 | 0.9998 |
| Sinapic acid | 4.01 | 1.02 | 30 | 223.0 | 2.03 | 6.78 | 3.92 | 65–2000 | 0.9988 |
| Hydroxycinamic acid | 4.05 | 0.45 | 30 | 163.0 | 4.66 | 15.54 | 1.55 | 65–2000 | 0.9992 |
| Ellagic acid | 4.07 | 8.49 | 40 | 301.0 | 4.64 | 15.47 | 7.00 | 65–1000 | 0.9828 |
| Rutin | 4.11 | 0.45 | 40 | 609.0 | 3.43 | 11.43 | 0.99 | 65–1500 | 0.9985 |
| Kaempferol-3-O- rutinoside | 4.33 | 0.44 | 40 | 593.0 | 2.23 | 7.43 | 1.42 | 65–1500 | 0.9956 |
| Kaempferol-3-O- glucoside | 4.39 | 0.97 | 35 | 447.0 | 1.52 | 5.08 | 1.11 | 65–1500 | 0.9869 |
| 4,5- Dicaffeoylquinic acid | 4.42 | 1.42 | 35 | 515.1 | 0.35 | 2.17 | 1.19 | 65–1500 | 0.9995 |
| Myricetin | 4.57 | 4.08 | 40 | 317.1 | 4.03 | 13.45 | 2.31 | 65–1500 | 0.9899 |
| Resveratrol | 4.69 | 0.64 | 35 | 227.0 | 1.26 | 4.19 | 1.77 | 65–1500 | 0.9983 |
| Luteolin | 5.05 | 1.84 | 40 | 285.0 | 2.66 | 8.85 | 1.02 | 65–1500 | 0.9975 |
| Quercetin | 5.06 | 0.33 | 40 | 301.0 | 9.24 | 30.79 | 2.22 | 65–1500 | 0.9983 |
| Apigenin | 5.43 | 2.95 | 40 | 269.0 | 7.68 | 25.61 | 1.60 | 65–1500 | 0.9939 |
| Kaempferol | 5.51 | 3.28 | 40 | 285.0 | 6.70 | 22.32 | 1.26 | 65–1500 | 0.9950 |
| Crisin | 6.43 | 2.46 | 40 | 253.1 | 5.13 | 17.11 | 1.31 | 65–1500 | 0.9945 |
aMean value
b,fRelative standard deviation (n = 6) for experiments performed on different days
c[M]+ for anthocyanins and [M–H]− for non-anthocyanins phenolic compounds
dLimit of detection
eLimit of quantification
gAt least five standard solutions were used