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. 2017 Jul 3;7:4535. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04361-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transgenic lines overexpressing a protein of unknown function exhibit aberrant lignification around vascular bundles. (a–c) Compared to non-transgenic roots (a) and shoots (c) - left hand panel), growth of transgenic roots (b) and shoots (c)- right hand panel) is stunted. (d,e) Cropped gel images of genomic (d) and RT- (e) PCR reactions illustrate transgene presence and transcript levels in two representative T0 lines. (f) Regression plot showing vein number versus leaf width for 8 independent T0 lines. (g,l) Transverse cross sections of wild-type (g) and transgenic (h–l) leaves showing enhanced number of thicker walled sclerenchyma cells (white arrows) and enlarged and/or ectopic cells around veins (yellow arrows). Coloured circles in (d,e) illustrate corresponding datapoints in (f). Scale bars = 1 cm (a); 8 cm (b); 70 µm (g,h,l); 60 µm (i–k).