Table 2.

Mean system usability scale (SUS) score and midpoint comparison.

SUSa item	Midpoint	3D-MAPb, mean (SD)	Gap score	Dfc	t test values	P value (2-tail)
S1: I think that I would like to use this 3D-MAP application frequently.	3.00	3.42 (1.062)	0.42	32	2.30	.03d
S2: I found the 3D-MAP application unnecessarily complex.e	3.00	4.09 (0.879)	1.09	32	7.13	<.001d
S3: I thought the 3D-MAP application was easy to use.	3.00	3.88 (1.083)	0.88	32	4.66	<.001d
S4: I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this 3D-MAP application.e	3.00	3.91 (1.234)	0.91	32	4.23	<.001d
S5: I found the various functions in this 3D-MAP application were well integrated.	3.00	3.94 (0.933)	0.94	32	5.78	<.001d
S6: I thought there was too much inconsistency in this 3D-MAP application.e	3.00	4.19 (0.873)	1.19	32	7.62	<.001d
S7: I would imagine that most people would learn to use this 3D-MAP application very quickly.	3.00	3.94 (1.435)	0.94	32	3.76	.001d
S8: I found the 3D-MAP application very awkward to use.e	3.00	4.26 (0.682)	1.26	32	10.28	<.001d
S9: I felt very confident using the 3D-MAP app.	3.00	3.82 (1.211)	0.82	32	3.88	<.001d
S10: I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going with this 3D-MAP application.e	3.00	4.39 (0.747)	1.39	32	10.71	<.001d

^aSUS: system usability scale.

^b3D-MAP: 3D measurement aid prototype.

^cDf: degrees of freedom.

^dIndicates statistically significant ≥.05 confidence level.

^eResponses of negative items were reversed to align with positive items, higher scores indicate positive responses.