Table 4.

Multiple logistic regressions including adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals showing the association between frequency of exposure to mass media, age, area, and education with HIV/AIDS stigmatizing behaviors among young women aged 15–24 years in Ghana.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Mass media (total)
Not at all	2.94 (1.95–4.46)	3.06 (1.99–4.73)	2.98 (1.92–4.63)	2.53 (1.62–3.94)	1.85 (1.17–2.91)
Occasionally	1.76 (1.34–2.30)	1.72 (1.30–2.27)	1.68 (1.27–2.22)	1.50 (1.14–1.99)	1.21 (0.90–1.61)
Moderate exposure	1.30 (1.01–1.68)	1.25 (0.96–1.62)	1.21 (0.93–1.58)	1.09 (0.84–1.43)	0.90 (0.69–1.19)
Very frequent but not daily	1.12 (0.91–1.34)	1.14 (0.92–1.40)	1.13 (0.91–1.39)	1.08 (0.87–1.34)	0.97 (0.78–1.20)
Daily	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Age
15–19	1.19 (1.01–1.40)	1.17 (0.99–1.38)	1.17 (0.99–1.39)	1.17 (0.99–1.38)	1.06 (0.89–1.26)
20–24	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Area of residence
Rural				1.61 (1.34–1.93)	1.40 (1.15–1.68)
Urban				Ref	Ref
Formal education
No education					3.67 (2.30–5.85)
Basic education					2.23 (1.84–2.71)
Secondary +					Ref

Notes: Model 1: adjusted for age; Model 2: adjusted for age and region; Model 3: adjusted for age, region, and ethnicity; Model 4: adjusted for age, region, ethnicity, and area (rural/urban); Model 5: adjusted for age, region, ethnicity, area (rural/urban), and education.