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. 2017 Jul 3;17:176. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0616-0

Table 1.

Case report review of takotsubo cardiomyopathy complicated with ventricular thrombus formation from 2003 to 2017

Year Age (Years) Gender Day of diagnosisa Site of the thrombus Treatmentb Time for resolutionc Ejection Fraction % Thrombo Embolismd Reference
2003 74 F 4 4 × 4 mm, LV apex Warfarin 2w Right hemiparesis [6]
2003 64 F 2 LV Anticoagulation 12w 40 [7]
2004 76 F 6 Heparin and warfarin 2w [35]
2004 57 F 2 LV apex, 2.0 × 1.5 cm Heparin and warfarin 4w Right upper limb hemiplegia [36]
2004 44 F 11 weeks LV apex Urokinase, warfarin Renal infarct [17]
2006 64 F LV apex, 13 × 8 mm Anticoagulant 4w [37]
2006 76 F LV apex Anticoagulant 3w 35 [38]
2007 54 F 2 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 1w [15]
2007 74 F 3 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 12d 33 [39]
2007 70 F 3 LV apex Anticoagulant 3 m Sensory aphasia [40]
2007 74 M 14 20 × 15 mm
LV apex		 Anticoagulant 7w 30 [10]
2007 74 F LV apex Anticoagulant 2 m 40 [41]
2008 69 F 1 LV apex, Two mobile thrombi 5 × 6 mm and 8 × 10 mm Heparin and phenprocoumon 4w 39 [8]
2008 69 F 8 Mobile thrombus adjacent to the posteromedial papillary muscle Heparin 9d 30 [8]
2008 43 F 4 LV apex Heparin 11d 34 [8]
2008 69 F 3 28 × 22 mm anterior and anteroseptal wall, 4 × 4 mm mobile thrombus adjacent to the anterolateral papillary muscle Heparin 27d 45 [8]
2008 55 F 2 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 1 m [19]
2008 53 F LV apex Heparin aspirin 2w 32 [42]
2008 74 F Multiple thrombotic masses Warfarin 2w 35 Dysphasia, right arm paresis [26]
2008 43 F 5 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 8d <25 Right renal infarct [43]
2008 64 F LV apex Warfarin 45 Broca’s aphasia [44]
2009 28 F 3 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 3w 25 [20]
2009 57 M LV apex Heparin and warfarin 2w 48 [45]
2011 78
87
71
82
55		 F
F
F
F
F		 Mural in 2 cases and protruding in 3 cases Anticoagulant 4w 45 ± 6% Cerebral infarction in one patient [4]
2011 62 F 35 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 3 m 18 [16]
2011 76 F 8 LV apex, 24 × 25 mm Heparin and warfarin 1w 18 Multiple brain embolic infarctions [46]
2011 68 F 3 LV apex, 26 × 29 mm Heparin and warfarin 12d [47]
2011 69 F 6 LV apex Anticoagulant 14d [48]
2012 78 F LV apex Anticoagulant 2w 50 [49]
2012 70 F 13 LV apex Anticoagulant 55 [50]
2012 29 F 2 Mid right ventricular cavity, 16 × 9 8 mm, Anticoagulant 7d [22]
2012 48 M 15 Apical inferior wall, 28 × 16 mm Sx [25]
2012 78 F 7 LV apex Heparin 17d [30]
2013 52 F 3 LV apex, 37 × 21 mm Heparin and warfarin Multifocal micro infarctions in the brain, pleen and kidneys [27]
2013 78 F Attached to septoapical wall, 30 × 15 mm Aspirin, heparin 35 Left hemiparesis and dysarthria, large thrombus at the trunk and branches of the superior mesenteric artery [24]
2013 50 M LV apex, 3.6 cm × 1.7 cm Enoxaparin, Clopidogrel and warfarin 7w 45 Dense left sided hemiplegia, left homonymous hemianopia, aphasia [31]
2013 63 F 3 weeks LV apex, 1.10 × 2.12 cm Heparin and warfarin 3 m 43 [18]
2013 58 F 2 Heparin, warfarin and sx [33]
2015 66 F LV apex Heparin, acetyl-salicylic acid and clopidogrel 17d Ischemic infarctions of the left median cerebral artery [51]
2015 59 F 13 LV apex Heparin, Warfarin, sx <25 [21]
2016 48 F LV apex Anticoagulant 3 m Right femoral artery embolism [52]
2016 57 F 4 LV apex, 2.3 × 3.3 cm Warfarin 15d 35 [53]
2016 61 F LV apex Heparin and warfarin 35 [14]
2016 55 F LV apex, 20 × 10 mm Warfarin 3 m [54]
2017 48 F LV apex Heparin and warfarin 30 [55]
2017 88 F Biventricular Heparin 35 [21]
2003 74 F 4 4 × 4 mm, LV apex Warfarin 2w Right hemiparesis [6]
2003 64 F 2 LV Anticoagulation 12w 40 [7]
2004 76 F 6 Heparin and warfarin 2w [35]
2004 57 F 2 LV apex, 2.0 × 1.5 cm Heparin and warfarin 4w Right upper limb hemiplegia [36]
2004 44 F 11 weeks LV apex Urokinase, warfarin Renal infarct [17]
2006 64 F LV apex, 13 × 8 mm Anticoagulant 4w [37]
2006 76 F LV apex Anticoagulant 3w 35 [38]
2007 54 F 2 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 1w [15]
2007 74 F 3 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 12d 33 [39]
2007 70 F 3 LV apex Anticoagulant 3 m Sensory aphasia [40]
2007 74 M 14 20 × 15 mm
LV apex		 Anticoagulant 7w 30 [10]
2007 74 F LV apex Anticoagulant 2 m 40 [41]
2008 69 F 1 LV apex, Two mobile thrombi 5 × 6 mm and 8 × 10 mm Heparin and phenprocoumon 4w 39 [8]
2008 69 F 8 Mobile thrombus adjacent to the posteromedial papillary muscle Heparin 9d 30 [8]
2008 43 F 4 LV apex Heparin 11d 34 [8]
2008 69 F 3 28 × 22 mm anterior and anteroseptal wall, 4 × 4 mm mobile thrombus adjacent to the anterolateral papillary muscle Heparin 27d 45 [8]
2008 55 F 2 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 1 m [19]
2008 53 F LV apex Heparin aspirin 2w 32 [42]
2008 74 F Multiple thrombotic masses Warfarin 2w 35 Dysphasia, right arm paresis [26]
2008 43 F 5 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 8d <25 Right renal infarct [43]
2008 64 F LV apex Warfarin 45 Broca’s aphasia [44]
2009 28 F 3 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 3w 25 [20]
2009 57 M LV apex Heparin and warfarin 2w 48 [45]
2011 78
87
71
82
55		 F
F
F
F
F		 Mural in 2 cases and protruding in 3 cases Anticoagulant 4w 45 ± 6% Cerebral infarction in one patient [4]
2011 62 F 35 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 3 m 18 [16]
2011 76 F 8 LV apex, 24 × 25 mm Heparin and warfarin 1w 18 Multiple brain embolic infarctions [46]
2011 68 F 3 LV apex, 26 × 29 mm Heparin and warfarin 12d [47]
2011 69 F 6 LV apex Anticoagulant 14d [48]
2012 78 F LV apex Anticoagulant 2w 50 [49]
2012 70 F 13 LV apex Anticoagulant 55 [50]
2012 29 F 2 Mid right ventricular cavity, 16 × 9 8 mm, Anticoagulant 7d [22]
2012 48 M 15 Apical inferior wall, 28 × 16 mm Sx [25]
2012 78 F 7 LV apex Heparin 17d [30]
2013 52 F 3 LV apex, 37 × 21 mm Heparin and warfarin Multifocal micro infarctions in the brain, spleen and kidneys [27]
2013 78 F Attached to septoapical wall, 30 × 15 mm Aspirin, heparin 35 Left hemiparesis and dysarthria, large thrombus at the trunk and branches of the superior mesenteric artery [24]
2013 50 M LV apex, 3.6 cm × 1.7 cm Enoxaparin, Clopidogrel and warfarin 7w 45 Dense left sided hemiplegia, left homonymous hemianopia, aphasia [31]
2013 63 F 3 weeks LV apex, 1.10 × 2.12 cm Heparin and warfarin 3 m 43 [18]
2013 58 F 2 Heparin, warfarin and sx [33]
2015 66 F LV apex Heparin, acetyl-salicylic acid and clopidogrel 17d Ischemic infarctions of the left median cerebral artery [51]
2015 59 F 13 LV apex Heparin, Warfarin, sx <25 [21]
2016 48 F LV apex Anticoagulant 3 m Right femoral artery embolism [52]
2016 57 F 4 LV apex, 2.3 × 3.3 cm Warfarin 15d 35 [53]
2016 61 F LV apex Heparin and warfarin 35 [14]
2016 55 F LV apex, 20 × 10 mm Warfarin 3 m [54]
2017 48 F LV apex Heparin and warfarin 30 [55]
2017 88 F Biventricular Heparin 35 [21]
2003 74 F 4 4 × 4 mm, LV apex Warfarin 2w Right hemiparesis [6]
2003 64 F 2 LV Anticoagulation 12w 40 [7]
2004 76 F 6 Heparin and warfarin 2w [34]
2004 57 F 2 LV apex, 2.0 × 1.5 cm Heparin and warfarin 4w Right upper limb hemiplegia [35]
2004 44 F 11 weeks LV apex Urokinase, warfarin Renal infarct [17]
2006 64 F LV apex, 13 × 8 mm Anticoagulant 4w [36]
2006 76 F LV apex Anticoagulant 3w 35 [37]
2007 54 F 2 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 1w [15]
2007 74 F 3 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 12d 33 [38]
2007 70 F 3 LV apex Anticoagulant 3 m Sensory aphasia [39]
2007 74 M 14 20 × 15 mm
LV apex		 Anticoagulant 7w 30 [10]
2007 74 F LV apex Anticoagulant 2 m 40 [40]
2008 69 F 1 LV apex, Two mobile thrombi 5 × 6 mm and 8 × 10 mm Heparin and phenprocoumon 4w 39 [8]
2008 69 F 8 Mobile thrombus adjacent to the posteromedial papillary muscle Heparin 9d 30 [8]
2008 43 F 4 LV apex Heparin 11d 34 [8]
2008 69 F 3 28 × 22 mm anterior and anteroseptal wall, 4 × 4 mm mobile thrombus adjacent to the anterolateral papillary muscle Heparin 27d 45 [8]
2008 55 F 2 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 1 m [19]
2008 53 F LV apex Heparin aspirin 2w 32 [41]
2008 74 F Multiple thrombotic masses Warfarin 2w 35 Dysphasia, right arm paresis [24]
2008 43 F 5 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 8d <25 Right renal infarct [42]
2008 64 F LV apex Warfarin 45 Broca’s aphasia [43]
2009 28 F 3 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 3w 25 [44]
2009 57 M LV apex Heparin and warfarin 2w 48 [45]
2011 78
87
71
82
55		 F
F
F
F
F		 Mural in 2 cases and protruding in 3 cases Anticoagulant 4w 45 ± 6% Cerebral infarction in one patient [4]
2011 62 F 35 LV apex Heparin and warfarin 3 m 18 [16]
2011 76 F 8 LV apex, 24 × 25 mm Heparin and warfarin 1w 18 Multiple brain embolic infarctions [46]
2011 68 F 3 LV apex, 26 × 29 mm Heparin and warfarin 12d [47]
2011 69 F 6 LV apex Anticoagulant 14d [48]
2012 78 F LV apex Anticoagulant 2w 50 [49]
2012 70 F 13 LV apex Anticoagulant 55 [50]
2012 29 F 2 Mid right ventricular cavity, 16 × 9 8 mm, Anticoagulant 7d [20]
2012 48 M 15 Apical inferior wall, 28 × 16 mm Sx [23]
2012 78 F 7 LV apex Heparin 17d [28]
2013 52 F 3 LV apex, 37 × 21 mm Heparin and warfarin Multifocal micro infarctions in the brain, spleen and kidneys [25]
2013 78 F Attached to septoapical wall, 30 × 15 mm Aspirin, heparin 35 Left hemiparesis and dysarthria, large thrombus at the trunk and branches of the superior mesenteric artery [22]
2013 50 M LV apex, 3.6 cm × 1.7 cm Enoxaparin, Clopidogrel and warfarin 7w 45 Dense left sided hemiplegia, left homonymous hemianopia, aphasia [29]
2013 63 F 3 weeks LV apex, 1.10 × 2.12 cm Heparin and warfarin 3 m 43 [18]
2013 58 F 2 Heparin, warfarin
and sx		 [31]
2015 66 F LV apex Heparin, acetyl-salicylic acid and clopidogrel 17d Ischemic infarctions of the left median cerebral artery [51]
2015 59 F 13 LV apex Heparin, Warfarin, sx <25 [32]
2016 48 F LV apex Anticoagulant 3 m Right femoral artery embolism [52]
2016 57 F 4 LV apex, 2.3 × 3.3 cm Warfarin 15d 35 [53]
2016 61 F LV apex Heparin and warfarin 35 [14]
2016 55 F LV apex, 20 × 10 mm Warfarin 3 m [54]
2017 48 F LV apex Heparin and warfarin 30 [55]
2017 88 F Biventricular Heparin 35 [21]

F female, M male,

Day of diagnosisa = the date of diagnosis from the onset of symptoms / diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, given in number of days, in 2 cases given in weeks

Treatmentb = anticoagulant = In case reports which has not specified the anticoagulant used, Sx = ventriculotomy and surgical thrombectomy

Time for resolutionc = d days, w weeks, m months

Thrombo Embolismd = Thrombo embolic episodes diagnosed after the detection of ventricular thrombus