Table 3.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for mortality
| Variable | 7-day mortality | 30-day mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors (n = 201) |
Non-survivors (n = 25) |
OR (95% CI) | p-value | Survivors (n = 172) |
Non-survivors (n = 54) |
OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age, ≥ 70 years | 77 (38, 32–45) | 13 (52, 31–71) | 1.7 (0.8–4.0) | 0.191 | 65 (38, 30–45) | 25 (46, 33–60) | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) | 0.266 |
| Male gender | 130 (65, 58–71) | 12 (48, 27–69) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.108 | 113 (66, 59–73) | 29 (54, 40–67) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.113 |
| BMI | 0.181 | 0.118 | ||||||
| Normal | 121 (60, 53–67) | 11 (44, 23–65) | 1.0 | 104 (60, 53–68) | 28 (52, 38–66) | 1.0 | ||
| Malnutrition | 19 (9, 5–14) | 6 (24, 6–42) | 3.5 (1.2–10.5) | 0.027 | 14 (8, 4–12) | 11 (20, 9–31) | 2.9 (1.2–7.1) | 0.019 |
| Overweight | 53 (26, 20–33) | 7 (28, 9–47) | 1.5 (0.5–4.0) | 0.465 | 47 (27, 21–34) | 13 (24, 12–36) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 0.943 |
| Obese | 8 (4, 1–7) | 1 (4, 0–12) | 1.4 (0.2–12.0) | 0.773 | 7 (4, 1–7) | 2 (4, 0–9) | 1.1 (0.2–5.4) | 0.943 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Malignancy | 118 (59, 52–66) | 12 (48, 27–69) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.310 | 99 (58, 50–65) | 31 (57, 44–71) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.984 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 99 (49, 42–56) | 14 (56, 35–77) | 1.3 (0.6–3.0) | 0.526 | 85 (49, 42–57) | 28 (52, 38–66) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.755 |
| Pneumonia | 58 (29, 23–35) | 16 (64, 44–84) | 4.4 (1.8–10.5) | 0.001 a | 47 (27, 21–34) | 27 (50, 36–64) | 2.7 (1.4–5.0) | 0.002 b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 58 (29, 23–35) | 10 (40, 19–61) | 1.6 (0.7–3.9) | 0.255 | 46 (27, 20–33) | 22 (41, 27–54) | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 0.052b |
| Impaired liver function | 43 (21, 16–27) | 9 (36, 16–56) | 2.1 (0.9–5.0) | 0.107 | 36 (21, 15–27) | 16 (30, 17–42) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 0.187 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (18, 13–24) | 4 (16, 1–31) | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) | 0.768 | 31 (18, 12–24) | 10 (19, 8–29) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 0.934 |
| Impaired renal function | 22 (11, 7–15) | 8 (32, 12–52) | 3.8 (1.5–9.9) | 0.006 a | 14 (8, 4–12) | 16 (30, 17–42) | 4.8 (2.1–10.6) | 0.000 b |
| Hemiplegia | 25 (12, 8–17) | 2 (8, 0–19) | 0.6 (0.1–2.8) | 0.523 | 22 (13, 8–18) | 5 (9, 1–17) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 0.487 |
| Neutropenia | 12 (6, 3–9) | 2 (8, 0–19) | 1.4 (0.3–6.5) | 0.692 | 8 (5, 1–8) | 6 (11, 2–20) | 2.6 (0.9–7.8) | 0.095b |
| CCI | 3 (2–5) | 4 (3–6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.028 a | 3 (2–5) | 4 (3–6.25) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | <0.001 b |
| APACHE II score | 7 (5–10) | 14 (12–17) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | <0.001 a | 6 (5–8.75) | 13 (10–17) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | <0.001 b |
| ICU residence | 53 (26, 20–33) | 13 (52, 31–73) | 3.0 (1.3–7.0) | 0.010 a | 42 (24, 18–31) | 24 (44, 31–58) | 2.5 (1.3–4.7) | 0.005 b |
| Previous treatment | ||||||||
| Antibiotic exposure | 185 (92, 88–96) | 25 (100) | 0.998 | 156 (91, 86–95) | 54 (100) | 0.998 | ||
| Total parenteral nutrition | 74 (37, 30–44) | 10 (40, 19–61) | 1.1 (0.5–2.7) | 0.756 | 58 (34, 27–41) | 26 (48, 34–62) | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | 0.057b |
| Mechanical ventilation | 77 (38, 32–45) | 10 (40, 19–61) | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.870 | 66 (38, 31–46) | 21 (39, 25–52) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 0.946 |
| Surgery | 69 (34, 28–41) | 5 (20, 3–37) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.157 | 63 (37, 29–44) | 11 (20, 9–31) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.029 b |
| Chemotherapeutic agent | 27 (13, 9–18) | 2 (8, 0–19) | 0.6 (0.1–2.5) | 0.449 | 24 (14, 9–19) | 5 (9, 1–17) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.372 |
| Immunosuppressive agent | 13 (6, 3–10) | 5 (20, 3–37) | 3.6 (1.2–11.2) | 0.026 a | 9 (5, 2–9) | 9 (17, 6–27) | 3.6 (1.4–9.7) | 0.010 b |
| Renal replacement therapy | 11 (5, 2–9) | 4 (16, 1–31) | 3.3 (1.0–11.3) | 0.058a | 8 (5, 1–8) | 7 (13, 4–22) | 3.1 (1.1–8.9) | 0.040 b |
| Invasive devices | ||||||||
| Central intravenous catheter | 86 (43, 36–50) | 16 (64, 44–84) | 2.4 (1.0–5.6) | 0.049 a | 71 (41, 34–49) | 31 (57, 44–71) | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 0.039 b |
| Dwell time of central intravenous catheter | 15 (7, 26) | 14 (7, 24) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.919 | 15 (7.5, 26.75) | 14 (6.5, 23.25) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.465 |
| Indwelling urinary catheter | 90 (45, 38–52) | 14 (56, 35–77) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 0.291 | 76 (44, 37–52) | 28 (52, 38–66) | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | 0.325 |
| Endotracheal intubation | 76 (38, 31–45) | 10 (40, 19–61) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 0.832 | 65 (38, 30–45) | 21 (39, 25–52) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.885 |
| Peripheral intravenous catheter | 62 (31, 24–37) | 7 (28, 9–47) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 0.771 | 53 (31, 24–38) | 16 (30, 17–42) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.869 |
| Tracheostomy tube | 19 (9, 5–14) | 1 (4, 0–12) | 0.4 (0.1–3.1) | 0.381 | 16 (9, 5–14) | 4 (7, 0–15) | 0.8 (0.3–2.4) | 0.670 |
| Enterococcal species | 0.772 | 0.175 | ||||||
| E. faecium | 146 (73, 66–79) | 21 (84, 69–99) | 1.0 | 122 (71, 64–78) | 45 (83, 73–94) | 1.0 | ||
| E. faecalis | 42 (20, 15–26) | 4 (16, 1–31) | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.472 | 38 (22, 16–28) | 8 (15, 5–25) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.188 |
| Others | 13 (6, 3–10) | 0 (0) | 0.0 | 0.999 | 12 (7, 3–11) | 1 (2, 0–6) | 0.2 (0.0–1.8) | 0.159 |
| Source of BSIs | ||||||||
| Abdominal | 83 (41, 34–48) | 9 (36, 16–56) | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | 0.612 | 72 (42, 34–49) | 20 (37, 24–50) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.529 |
| Unknown | 56 (28, 22–34) | 9 (36, 16–56) | 1.5 (0.6–3.5) | 0.399 | 47 (27, 20–33) | 18 (33, 20–46) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | 0.396 |
| Central venous catheter | 37 (18, 13–24) | 4 (16, 1–31) | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) | 0.768 | 33 (19, 13–25) | 8 (15, 5–25) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.468 |
| Genitourinary | 12 (6, 3–9) | 2 (8, 0–19) | 1.4 (0.3–6.5) | 0.692 | 9 (5, 2–9) | 5 (9, 1–17) | 1.9 (0.6–5.8) | 0.281 |
| Pneumonia | 7 (3, 1–6) | 1 (4, 0–12) | 1.2 (0.1–9.8) | 0.895 | 7 (4, 1–7) | 1 (2, 2–6) | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.453 |
| Polymicrobial infection | 18 (9, 5–13) | 3 (12, 0–26) | 1.4 (0.4–5.1) | 0.622 | 14 (8, 4–12) | 7 (13, 4–22) | 1.7 (0.6–4.4) | 0.291 |
| Vancomycin-resistant | 7 (3, 1–6) | 0 (0) | 0.0 | 0.999 | 5 (3, 0–5) | 2 (4, 0–9) | 1.3 (0.2–6.8) | 0.769 |
| Appropriate emperical antimicrobial treatment | 200 (100, 99–100) | 13 (52, 31–73) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | <0.001 a | 172 (100) | 41 (76, 64–88) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | <0.001 b |
Data are presented as n (%,95% CI) or median (IQR)
Significant variables are appeared in bold and italics text
aVariables entered into multivariable logistic regression model of risks factors for 7-day mortality
bVariables entered into multivariable logistic regression model of risks factors for 30-day mortality