Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total study population (n = 100) | LVOT VTI < 8.1 cm, lowest tertile (n = 34) | LVOT VTI 8.1-9.0 cm, median tertile (n = 33) | LVOT VTI > 9.0 cm, highest tertile (n = 33) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 73.53 ± 14.7 | 71.26 ± 15.3 | 74.82 ± 15.1 | 74.58 ± 13.8 | 0.547 |
| Gender (% male) | 72 | 79.4 | 75.8 | 60.6 | 0.194 |
| Diabetes | 27% | 29.4% | 24.2% | 27.3% | 0.892 |
| Hypertension | 57% | 52.9% | 51.5% | 66.7% | 0.388 |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 68% | 77% | 62% | 67% | 0.485 |
| Prior revascularization | 50% | 56% | 49% | 45% | 0.679 |
| NYHA Class | 0.643 | ||||
| I | 1.1% | 3.1% | 0% | 0% | |
| II | 41.5% | 40.6% | 33.3% | 51.7% | |
| III | 45.7% | 43.8% | 54.5% | 37.9% | |
| IV | 11.7% | 12.5% | 12.1% | 10.3% | |
| Smoking | 14% | 11.8% | 10% | 21.2% | 0.328 |
| Alcohol | 17% | 15% | 24% | 12% | 0.385 |
| Illicit drugs | 4% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 0.797 |
| Medical Therapy | |||||
| Diuretics | 68.7% | 72.7% | 72.7% | 60.6% | 0.472 |
| ACE/ARB | 57.6% | 64.7% | 51.5% | 56.3% | 0.541 |
| Beta blocker | 84% | 82.4% | 84.8% | 84.8% | 0.949 |
| Digoxin | 28.3% | 27.3% | 30.3% | 27.3% | 0.951 |
| Spironolactone | 32% | 35.3% | 39.4% | 21.2% | 0.251 |
| Statin | 45.4% | 41.2% | 51.6% | 43.8% | 0.683 |
| CRT | 31.6% | 31.3% | 43.3% | 21.2% | 0.169 |
| ICD | 42.9% | 51.5% | 50.0% | 27.3% | 0.084 |
| Objective Parameters | |||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.57 ± 16.8 | 111 ± 17 | 113 ± 16 | 119 ± 17 | 0.128 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.00 ± 14.4 | 70 ± 16 | 71 ± 14 | 74 ± 13 | 0.581 |
| HR (beats per minute) | 82.93 ± 16.3 | 85.6 ± 18 | 80.9 ± 15 | 82.1 ± 16 | 0.481 |
| Weight (kg) | 76.6 ± 19.2 | 77.2 ± 16 | 80 ± 24 | 73.1 ± 17 | 0.391 |
| Body mass index | 25.8 ± 5 | 25.8 ± 5 | 26.4 ± 6 | 25.2 ± 5 | 0.657 |
| Hgb (g/dL) | 13.28 ± 2.0 | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 12.9 ± 1.7 | 13.2 ± 2.5 | 0.205 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.40 ± 0.6 | 1.51 ± 0.8 | 1.46 ± 0.6 | 1.21 ± 0.4 | 0.101 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 27.0 ± 14 | 25.8 ± 10 | 30.5 ± 18 | 24.9 ± 13 | 0.221 |
| Glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min | 60.2% | 67.7% | 51.5% | 62.1% | 0.403 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 137 ± 4 | 137 ± 4 | 137 ± 3 | 138 ± 3 | 0.270 |
| Cholesterol, total (mg/dL) | 149 ± 41 | 142 ± 35 | 147 ± 41 | 158 ± 46 | 0.286 |
| QRS > 120 msec | 51.2% | 61.3% | 46.2% | 44.4% | 0.364 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 28.9 ± 17 | 25.1 ± 17 | 26.4 ± 11 | 35 ± 19 | 0.024 |
| Mean PA pressure (mmHg) | 47.7 ± 15 | 47.8 ± 16 | 48.2 ± 13 | 47.1 ± 15 | 0.961 |
| LV end diastolic dimension (cm) | 5.81 ± 1.3 | 6.06 ± 1.2 | 5.94 ± 1.1 | 5.42 ± 1.5 | 0.092 |
| Aortic Stenosis | 11.1% | 15.2% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 0.900 |
| Aortic Insufficiency | 16.2% | 24.2% | 21.2% | 3.0% | 0.060 |
| Tricuspid Regurgitation* | 51.5% | 54.5% | 51.5% | 48.4% | 0.738 |
| Mitral Regurgitation* | 61% | 55.9% | 75.8% | 51.5% | 0.302 |
Legend: SD standard deviation, NYHA New York Heart Association; Diuretics furosemide, toresmide, bumetanide, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy, ICD implantable cardiac defibrillator, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, bpm beats per minute, GFR glomerular filtration rate, PA pulmonary artery, LV left ventricle
*denotes meaningful valve disease classified as greater than mild