Table 2.
The characteristics of the included studies (b)
| Study (year) | Main functional evaluation | Mean scores SBG VS SG |
Implant removal SBG VS SG |
Implant failure SBG VS SG |
Malreduction SBG VS SG |
Complications SBG VS SG |
Routine screw removal (yes or no) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kocadal et al. 2016 [4] | AOFAS | 88.4 /86.1 | 1/10 | 0/1 | NR | 2 (1 low-grade infection and implant irritation)/1 reflex sympathetic dystrophy | No |
| Kim et al. 2016 [2] | AOFAS | 88.1/86.6 | NR | 0/5 | NR | NR | NR |
| Seyhan 2015 [17] | AOFAS | 93.73/93.35 | 2/17 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 6 (2 Implant discomfort and 4 soft tissue irritation )/2 Implant discomfort | Yes |
| Kortekangas 2015 [8] | Olerud–Molander score | 82/84 | 1/3 | 0/16(broken in three patients and loosened in 13 patients) | 1/3 | 1 post-operative infection/3 local irritation | No |
| Laflamme 2015 [9] | Olerud–Molander score | 93.3/ 87.7 | 2/11 | 0/13 | 0/4 | 3(two superficial infection and one partial syndesmosis ossification)/12(1 partial syndesmosis ossification and 11 discomfort) | No |
| Naqvi 2012 [11, 25] | AOFAS | 89.56/86.52 | NR | NR | 0/5 | NR | Yes |
| Cottom 2009 [12] | Modified AOFAS (a maximum of 63 possible points) | 50.64/53.45 | 0/17 | 0/12 (screw loosening in 5 patients and 7 cases of screw breakage) | NR | NR | No |
| Coetzee 2009 [15] | AOFAS | 94/88 | 1/1 | 0/1 | NR | 1 superficial infection/0 | No |
| Thornes 2005 [18] | AOFAS | 93/ 83 | 0/12 | NR | NR | No major complications or wound infections | No |
AOFAS American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score, SBG suture-button group, SG screw group, NR no report