Table 3.
Association between cardio-metabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome
| Variable | Categories | Number | Metabolic syndrome status | Univariate | bMultivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present-No. (%) | Absent-No. (%) | p-value | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||
| Gender | Malea | 255 | 64 (25.1%) | 191 (74.9%) | ||||
| Female | 273 | 71 (26.0%) | 202 (74.0%) | 0.811 | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 0.523 | 1.20 (0.68–2.13) | |
| Age (years) | 18-29a | 134 | 6 (4.5%) | 128 (95.5%) | ||||
| 30–39 | 136 | 23 (16.9%) | 113 (83.1%) | 0.002 | 4.34 (1.71–11.04) | 0.051 | 2.64 (1.00–6.99) | |
| 40–49 | 131 | 45 (34.4%) | 86 (65.6%) | 0.000 | 11.16 (4.56–27.31) | 0.000 | 6.06 (2.35–15.60) | |
| 50–65 | 127 | 61 (48.0%) | 66 (52.0%) | 0.000 | 19.72 (8.10–48.00) | 0.000 | 11.74 (4.61–29.88) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <25.00a | 242 | 19 (7.9%) | 223 (92.1%) | ||||
| 25.00–29.99 | 198 | 76 (38.4%) | 122 (61.6%) | 0.000 | 7.31 (4.22–12.66) | 0.000 | 5.08 (2.80–9.22) | |
| 30.00–39.99 | 88 | 40 (45.5%) | 48 (54.5%) | 0.000 | 9.78 (5.22–18.34) | 0.000 | 5.23 (2.57–10.66) | |
| WC (cm) | <94 (M) OR <80 (F)a | 234 | 4 (1.7%) | 230 (98.3%) | ||||
| ≥94 (M) OR ≥80 (F) | 294 | 131 (44.6%) | 163 (55.4%) | 0.000 | 46.21 (16.75–127.50) | |||
| TGs (mmol/L) | <1.7a | 437 | 63 (14.4%) | 374 (85.6%) | ||||
| ≥1.7 | 91 | 72 (79.1%) | 19 (20.9%) | 0.000 | 22.50 (12.70–39.85) | |||
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | ≥1(M) OR ≥1.3 (F)a | 304 | 38 (12.5%) | 266 (87.5%) | ||||
| <1(M) OR <1.3 (F) | 224 | 97 (43.3%) | 127 (56.7%) | 0.000 | 5.35 (3.48–8.22) | |||
| BP (mmHg) | SBP < 130 OR DBP < 85a | 287 | 21 (7.3%) | 266 (92.7%) | ||||
| SBP ≥ 130 OR DBP ≥ 85 | 241 | 114 (47.3%) | 127 (52.7%) | 0.000 | 11.37 (6.82–18.96) | |||
| FPG (mmol/L) | <5.6a | 445 | 65 (14.6%) | 380 (85.4%) | ||||
| ≥5.6 | 83 | 70 (84.3%) | 13 (15.7%) | 0.000 | 31.48 (16.47–60.16) | |||
| hsCRP (mg/L) | <1.3a | 262 | 44 (16.8%) | 218 (83.2%) | ||||
| ≥1.3 | 266 | 91 (34.2%) | 175 (65.8%) | 0.000 | 2.58 (1.71–3.89) | 0.620 | 1.14 (0.686–1.880) | |
| GGT (IU/L) | <25a | 263 | 45 (17.1%) | 218 (82.9%) | ||||
| ≥25 | 265 | 90 (34.0%) | 175 (66.0%) | 0.000 | 2.491 (1.654–3.752) | 0.003 | 2.173 (1.295–3.648) | |
| UA (mmol/L) | <0.31a | 252 | 47 (18.7%) | 205 (18.3%) | ||||
| ≥0.31 | 276 | 88 (31.9%) | 188 (68.1%) | 0.000 | 2.042 (1.361–3.063) | 0.000 | 2.042 (1.361–3.063) | |
Abbreviations BMI Body Mass Index, BP Blood pressure, CI Confidence interval, CVD Cardiovascular disease, DBP Diastolic BP, F Female, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs CRP highly sensitive C-reactive protein, M Male, SBP Systolic BP, TGs Triglycerides, UA uric acid, WC Waist circumference
aIndicates reference category,
bComponents of MetS excluded in the multivariate analysis