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Results of instrumental variable analysis of study outcomes
| Outcomes | Number of patients (%) OCCPR/CCCPR | Adjusted difference (%) (95% confidence interval) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Survival to hospital discharge | 40 (1.8)/156 (3.6) | –5.0 (–9.2, –0.8) | 0.019 |
| Survival over 24 hours after ED arrival | 123 (5.6)/416 (9.6) | –5.6 (−12.3, 1.1) | 0.100 |
Abbreviations: OCCPR open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CCCPR closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ED emergency department
