Ccdc181 expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and expression levels normalized to B2m and Gapdh are depicted as means ± SEM. (A) Expression of Ccdc181 in mouse tissues revealed elevated expression in testis. (B) In different mouse mutants, no Ccdc181 expression was observed in mutants lacking either germ cells (W/Wv) or haploid spermatids (Tfm/y). (C) Analysis of Ccdc181 expression during postnatal murine testicular development, revealed a sharp increase in Ccdc181 expression with the first occurrence of elongating spermatids. Sg, spermatogonia; ESc, early spermatocytes; LSc, late spermatocytes; RS, round spermatids; ES, elongating spermatids; Sp, mature spermatozoa.