Table 1.
Summary of characteristics of participants at the baseline assessment.
| All participants | AAA (30–39 mm) | AAA (40–55 mm) | AAA (> 55 mm) | Comparison between subgroups (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n) | 162 (147) | 40 (36) | 72 (62) | 50 (49) | .08 |
| Mean ± SD age at consent (y) | 75 ± 7 | 73 ± 8 | 76 ± 7 | 75 ± 8 | .22 |
| Median (IQR) AAA size (mm) | 50 (40–57) | 35 (32–37) | 49 (43–52) | 61 (58–67) | < .001 |
| Mean ± SD height (m) | 1.73 ± 0.08 | 1.74 ± 0.08 | 1.74 ± 0.09 | 1.71 ± 0.07 | .72 |
| Mean ± SD weight (kg) | 83 ± 15 | 83 ± 15 | 84 ± 14 | 81 ± 17 | .40 |
| Median (IQR) BMI | 27 (24–30) | 26 (24–31) | 28 (25–31) | 26 (24–29) | .32 |
| Mean ± SD blood pressure (SBP/DBP) | 138/79 ± 17/12 | 139/77 ± 16/13 | 141/80 ± 18/12 | 134/79 ± 18/12 | .33/.28 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Current smoker | 30 (19) | 6 (15) | 13 (18) | 11 (22) | .39 |
| Past history of smoking (> 1 mo) | 106 (65) | 28 (70) | 48 (67) | 30 (60) | .31 |
| Never smoked | 26 (16) | 6 (15) | 11 (15) | 9 (18) | .69 |
| History of ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 64 (40) | 16 (40) | 28 (39) | 20 (40) | .95 |
| MI/ACS | 50 (31) | 14 (35) | 23 (32) | 13 (26) | .35 |
| Stable angina | 29 (18) | 9 (23) | 13 (18) | 7 (14) | .30 |
| Coronary intervention/bypass | 48 (30) | 14 (35) | 21 (29) | 13 (26) | .36 |
| History of PAD, n (%) | 32 (20) | 7 (18) | 17 (24) | 8 (16) | .79 |
| History of cerebral arterial disease | 20 (12) | 6 (15) | 8 (11) | 6 (12) | .69 |
| History of hypertension | 106 (65) | 28 (70) | 47 (65) | 31 (62) | .26 |
| History of hypercholesterolaemia | 95 (59) | 19 (48) | 43 (60) | 33 (66) | .51 |
| Median (IQR) TC (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.3–4.7) | 4.2 (3.6–4.8) | 3.9 (3.2–4.8) | 3.6 (3.2–4.4) | .09 |
| Median (IQR) HDL (mmol/L) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.3) | .43 |
| Median (IQR) LDL (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.6–2.8) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) | 2.0 (1.6–3.0) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | .29 |
| Median (IQR) TG (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) | .69 |
| History of DM, n (%) | 27 (17) | 3 (8) | 14 (19) | 10 (20) | .18 |
| Mean HbA1C (%) | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.6 | .75 |
| Oral antihyperglycaemics | 20 (12) | 2 (5) | 10 (14) | 8 (16) | .13 |
| Insulin (n) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | .21 |
| CKD (eGFR < 60), n (%) | 39 (24) | 7 (18) | 17 (24) | 15 (30) | .17 |
| Median (IQR) creatinine μmol/L | 84 (73–104) | 82 (70–101) | 80 (69–97) | 97 (77–110) | .14 |
| Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 31 (19) | 4 (10) | 15 (21) | 12 (24) | .10 |
| Family history of AAA, n (%) | 32 (20) | 6 (15) | 16 (22) | 10 (20) | .59 |
| History of treated neoplasms, n (%) | 30 (19) | 6 (15) | 12 (17) | 12 (24) | .28 |
| Regular medication, n (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 94 (58) | 22 (55) | 44 (61) | 28 (56) | .97 |
| Thienopyridine/ | 18 (11) | 6 (15) | 10 (14) | 3 (6) | .17 |
| cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidine | |||||
| Oral anticoagulants | 21 (13) | 4 (10) | 7 (10) | 10 (20) | .14 |
| Statin | 121 (75) | 27 (68) | 56 (78) | 38 (76) | .39 |
| β-Blocker | 64 (40) | 14 (35) | 30 (42) | 20 (40) | .66 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 99 (61) | 28 (70) | 43 (60) | 28 (56) | .18 |
| Median (IQR) CRP (mg/L) | 2.7 (1.2–7.5) | 1.8 (0.9–7.8) | 3.6 (1.2–6.8) | 2.8 (1.6–8.2) | .34 |
| Median (IQR) FMD (%) | 1.7 (0.6–3.6) | 2.7 (1.5–5.0) | 1.8 (0.5–3.4) | 1.2 (0.3–2.6) | < .001 |
Note. Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm; IQR = interquartile range; BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; MI = myocardial infarction; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; PAD = peripheral arterial disease; TC = total cholesterol; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; TG = triglycerides; DM = diabetes mellitus; HbA1C = glycated haemoglobin; CKD = chronic kidney disease; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; CRP = C-reactive protein; FMD = flow mediated dilatation.
Note. For variables that demonstrate Gaussian distribution, mean ± SD are presented. For variables that demonstrate non-Gaussian distribution, median and (interquartile range) are presented. Comparison between subgroups of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) were performed using Kruskale–Wallis test for continuous variables, and chi-square test for trend for categorical data. BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; MI = myocardial infarction; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; HbA1C = glycated haemoglobin; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; FMD = flow mediated dilatation.