Table 3a.
Comparison of rates of subthreshold psychotic syndromes and subthreshold psychotic symptom scores in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) compared to Williams syndrome (WS) and typically developing (TD) controls in the Tel Aviv cohort.
| 22q11.2DS (n=52) | WS (n=21) | TD (n=32) | Statistics (df=2, 102) | Post-hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rates of subthreshold psychotic syndrome | |||||
| Positive symptoms (%) | 20 (38.5) | 7 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | χ2=16.12 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| Negative/disorganized symptoms (%) | 36 (69.2) | 8 (38.1) | 0 (0.0) | χ2=40.33 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS > WS > TD |
| Broad definition (%) | 38 (73.1) | 13 (61.9) | 0 (0.0) | χ2=44.22 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| SOPS scores | |||||
| Positive – total | 5.46 (4.86) | 5.71 (5.35) | 0.37 (1.19) | χ2=41.00 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| P1. Unusual thought content | 1.31 (1.39) | 0.86 (1.32) | 0.07 (0.25) | Z=20.64 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| P2. Suspiciousness | 1.40 (1.33) | 1.48 (1.50) | 0.09 (0.39) | Z=27.33 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| P3. Grandiosity | 0.73 (1.19) | 1.48 (1.40) | 0.13 (0.43) | Z=18.08 p<0.001 |
WS>22q11.2DS, TD |
| P4. Perceptual Abnormalities | 1.06 (1.27) | 1.10 (1.58) | 0.06 (0.25) | Z=19.01 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| P5. Conceptual disorganization | 0.96 (1.30) | 0.81 (0.98) | 0.00 (0.00) | Z=20.04 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| Negative – totala | 5.80 (5.72) | 2.43 (3.17) | 0.17 (0.75) | χ2=46.17 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| N1. Social isolation or withdrawal | 1.08 (1.71) | 0.57 (1.50) | 0.03 (0.18) | Z=14.74 p=0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| N2. Avolition | 1.59 (1.63) | 0.52 (0.75) | 0.03 (0.2) | Z=29.19 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS > WS > TD |
| N3. Expression of emotions | 0.96 (1.37) | 0.29 (0.72) | 0.00 (0.00) | Z=20.43 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS > WS > TD |
| N4. Experience of emotions and self | 0.78 (1.28) | 0.29 (0.56) | 0.03 (0.18) | Z=12.14 p=0.002 |
22q11.2DS > TD |
| N5. Ideational richness | 3.10 (1.39) | 3.86 (1.62) | 0.00 (0.00) | Z=59.20 p<0.001 |
WS > 22q11.2DS > TD |
| N6. Occupational functioning | 1.39 (1.52) | 0.76 (1.14) | 0.07 (0.25) | Z=19.33 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS > TD |
| Disorganized – total | 4.43 (3.22) | 3.62 (3.31) | 0.30 (0.70) | χ2=45.27 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| D1. Odd behavior of appearance | 0.49 (1.07) | 0.57 (1.08) | 0.0 (0.0) | Z=9.74 p=0.08 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| D2. Bizarre thinking | 0.37 (1.08) | 0.14 (0.66) | 0.1 (0.4) | Z=3.29 p=0.193 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| D3. Trouble with focus and attention | 2.67 (1.57) | 1.71 (1.42) | 0.2 (0.6) | Z=43.73 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS > WS > TD |
| D4. Impairment in personal hygiene | 0.90 (1.42) | 1.19 (1.25) | 0.0 (0.0) | Z=20.87 p<0.001 |
22q11.2DS, WS > TD |
| GAF/CGAS | 73.92 (15.02) | 76.29 (12.83) | 98.13 (4.18) | F=57.33 p<0.001 |
TD > 22q11.2DS, WS |
Mean (SD); SOPS – Scale of Prodromal Symptoms; GAF – Global Assessment of Functioning; CGAS – Children’s Global Assessment Scale;
a
Total score of negative symptoms excluding the Ideational Richness item.