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. 2017 Jul 4;7:4621. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04908-x

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Theoretical Simulation of the NIR-Driven Propulsion of the Torpedo Motor. (a) The local temperature around the asymmetric torpedo with its tail covered by Au film on both inner wall and outside wall. (b) The computed thermophoresis force distribution around the cylinder Au shell, Fthermophoresis. The black arrows indicates the force vectors, its size is proportional to the strength of the force. The degree of the color indicated absolute value of the force at that spatial point. (c) The velocity field distribution of fluid around a moving torpedo. The maximum velocity is around the narrow mouth and the tip of the wide tail. (d) The scheme of forces acting on the torpedo. The thermophoresis force (the red arrows pointing upward) pushes torpedo forward. While the drag force (the blue arrows pointing upward) due to viscous force of aqueous environment slows down the torpedo.