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. 2017 Jul 5;8:1153. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01153

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Copyright © 2017 Li, Xu, Gao, Wang, Guo, Luo, Huang, Hu, Sheteiwy, Guan and Hu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposed model of priming by SA and H₂O₂ on chilling tolerance improvement during maize (Zea mays L.) seed germination. The α-amylase was enhanced to decompose starch to provide metabolisms and energy for seed germination under chilling stress. Priming seeds with SA and H₂O₂ positively up-regulated GA biosynthesis and ABA catabolism, and promoted GA signaling transduction. SA content and antioxidant enzymes activities increased to alleviate chilling stress. ZmCPK11 and ZmSnRK2.1 expressions were up-regulated to improve the tolerance to chilling stress. SA, salicylic acid, H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide.