Table 1.
Seed priming enhanced seed germination speed and seedling growth under chilling stress (13°C).
| Treatments | GE (%) | GI | MGT (d) | SH (cm) | RL (cm) | DW (g/10plants) | VI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP+Cn∗ | 98.0 ± 0.3a | 54.4 ± 0.2a | 1.94 ± 0.02a | 4.64 ± 0.12a | 7.77 ± 0.09a | 1.0102 ± 0.0225a | 57.3 ± 1.01a |
| NP+CS | 16.6 ± 0.3f | 16.9 ± 0.2c | 4.98 ± 0.02f | 1.05 ± 0.09d | 2.11 ± 0.11f | 0.0320 ± 0.0009d | 0.55 ± 0.02d |
| HP+CS | 76.0 ± 1.0c | 24.4 ± 0.1bc | 3.99 ± 0.01e | 1.08 ± 0.10d | 3.24 ± 0.08e | 0.0569 ± 0.0018c | 1.36 ± 0.04cd |
| SA+CS | 84.1 ± 0.3d | 20.8 ± 0.5bc | 3.57 ± 0.03d | 1.10 ± 0.09d | 4.24 ± 0.09d | 0.0670 ± 0.0018c | 1.40 ± 0.04cd |
| H2O2+CS | 90.3 ± 0.3c | 29.6 ± 0.2b | 3.45 ± 0.04c | 1.30 ± 0.10c | 5.16 ± 0.10c | 0.0597 ± 0.0011c | 1.77 ± 0.03c |
| SA+H2O2+CS | 92.6 ± 0.5b | 49.5 ± 0.3a | 2.55 ± 0.05a | 1.51 ± 0.11b | 6.05 ± 0.06b | 0.0889 ± 0.0004b | 4.40 ± 0.02b |
∗Values were mean ± SE (n = 6). Different small letter (s) following the values indicated significant difference (p < 0.05, LSD) among treatments. The germination standard is 5 mm radicle penetrated through seed coat. GE, germination energy; GI, germination index; MGT, mean germination time; SH, shoot height; RL, root length; DW, the seedling dry weight; VI, vigor index. NP+Cn, no priming and no stress (25°C); NP+CS, no priming and chilling stress (13°C); HP+CS, hydropriming (water priming) and chilling stress; SA+CS, 0.5 mM salicylic acid priming and chilling stress; H2O2+CS, 50 mM hydrogen peroxide priming and chilling stress; SA+H2O2+CS, 0.5 mM salicylic acid and 50 mM hydrogen peroxide combination priming and chilling stress.