Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical profiles of participants with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes
| NGT | IGM | DM | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
| Age | 60.0 ± 1.8 | 65.4 ± 2.6 | 65.6 ± 2.2 | 0.1364 |
| Sex (male/female) | 12/13 | 11/14 | 11/14 | 0.9476 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 0.7 | 25.5 ± 0.7 | 25.3 ± 0.7 | 0.3117 |
| WC (cm) | 89.0 ± 1.9 | 90.2 ± 2.2 | 91.7 ± 2.0 | 0.6400 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.70 ± 0.06 | 5.79 ± 0.09 | 6.28 ± 0.11*,** | <0.0001 |
| G0 (mmol/L) | 5.35 ± 0.08 | 5.68 ± 0.14 | 6.48 ± 0.20*,** | <0.0001 |
| G120(mmol/L) | 6.37 ± 0.22 | 9.17 ± 0.23* | 13.53 ± 0.41*,** | <0.0001 |
| Gm (mmol/L) | 7.68 ± 0.23 | 9.91 ± 0.31* | 12.60 ± 0.27*,** | <0.0001 |
| I0 (pmol/L) | 35.5 ± 4.6 | 44.3 ± 4.6 | 49.9 ± 5.7 | 0.1291 |
| I120 (pmol/L) | 264 ± 43 | 538 ± 112* | 494 ± 61* | 0.0319 |
| Im (pmol/L) | 293 ± 42 | 369 ± 50 | 306 ± 34 | 0.4005 |
| IGI (pmol/mmol) | 57.0 (36.3,96.5) | 39.9 (23.1,65.6) | 22.4* (13.2,41.7) | 0.0005 |
| HOMA‐β | 51.2 (41.0,86.6) | 61.9 (41.9,91.4) | 47.7 (37.7,80.2) | 0.5153 |
| HOMA‐IR | 1.21 (0.78,1.68) | 1.53 (1.07,2.48) | 1.97* (1.42,2.40) | 0.0064 |
| QUICKI | 0.375 ± 0.006 | 0.357 ± 0.006 | 0.344 ± 0.006* | 0.0025 |
| Matsuda Index | 6.55 (3.71,9.56) | 4.36* (2.73,5.53) | 3.61* (2.20,5.10) | 0.0026 |
| DIO (mmol/L) | 1.87 (1.30,2.60) | 0.91 (0.72,1.58) | 0.54* (0.40,0.81) | <0.0001 |
*P < 0.05 vs normal glucose tolerance (NGT); **P < 0.05 vs impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). G0, G120 and Gm are plasma glucose at 0 (fasting) and 120 min after glucose loading, and mean plasma level in 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test, respectively. I0, I120 and Im are plasma immunoreactive insulin at 0 (fasting) and 120 min after glucose loading and mean immunoreactive insulin in 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test, respectively. Gm and Im are calculated by dividing the area under the curve of plasma glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin during oral glucose tolerance test by 120 min, respectively. BMI, body mass index; DIO, oral disposition index; DM, diabetes; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA‐β, homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IGI, insulinogenic index; QUICKI, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; WC, waist circumference.