Table 2.
Maternal–fetal outcomes in the three study groups
| Group | NGT | Increment | Stock | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | 1475 | 116 | 92 | – |
| HDCP (%) | 1.4ab (n = 21) | 12.9a (n = 15) | 17.4b (n = 16) | <0.001 |
| PROM (%) | 5.9 (n = 87) | 8.6 (n = 10) | 10.9 (n = 10) | 0.097 |
| Cesarean section (%) | 66.9 cd (n = 987) | 87.1c (n = 101) | 93.5d (n = 86) | <0.001 |
| Premature labor (%) | 10.5 (n = 155) | 11.2 (n = 13) | 16.3 (n = 15) | 0.221 |
| Duration of pregnancy (weeks) | 38.18 ± 0.17 | 38.21 ± 0.14 | 38.20 ± 0.11 | 0.103 |
| Macrosomia (%) | 3.5 (n = 52) | 16.4 (n = 19) | 29.3 (n = 27) | <0.001 |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia (%) | 0.7 (n = 10) | 12.1 (n = 14) | 26.1 (n = 24) | <0.001 |
| Neonatal jaundice (%) | 2.8 (n = 41) | 5.2 (n = 6) | 5.4 (n = 5) | 0.146 |
| Neonatal asphyxia (%) | 4.5 (n = 66) | 6.0 (n = 7) | 8.7 (n = 8) | 0.152 |
| Ponderal Index (kg/m3) | 26.1 ± 3.4 | 25.7 ± 5.8 | 26.8 ± 6.1 | 0.112 |
P < 0.01 in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and cesarean section, P < 0.05 among all groups in macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia. a,b,c,dThe differences between the values labeled with the same letter were observed through pairwise comparison. NGT, normal glucose tolerance; PROM, premature rupture of membranes.