Table 3. Mortality rates and (un-adjusted) hazard ratio over 5 years (N=2149).
| Actuarial approach | Kaplan-Meier approach | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | Deaths over 5 years | Mortality rate per 1000 person-years (95% C.I) | Unadjusted HR (95%C.I) | Mortality rate per 1000 person-years (95% C.I) | Unadjusted HR (95%C.I) |
| Overall | 357 | 46.6 (42.0-51.7) | n.a. | 49.7 (44.8-55.1) | n.a. |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age group | |||||
| 65-69 | 80 | 32.1 (25.8-40.0) | Reference | 35.7 (28.7-44.5) | Reference |
| 70-74 | 68 | 36.6 (28.9-46.4) | 1.1 (0.7-1.5) | 38.6 (30.4-47.0) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) |
| 75-79 | 50 | 45.6 (34.6-60.2) | 1.3 (0.8-2.2) | 47.8 (36.2-63.0) | 1.2 (0.7-2.1) |
| 80+ | 159 | 71.9 (61.4-83.9) | 1.9 (1.3-2.7)* | 74.4 (63.7-86.9) | 1.8 (1.3-2.7)* |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 173 | 48.0 (41.4-55.8) | Reference | 50.6 (43.6-58.8) | Reference |
| Female | 184 | 45.4 (39.3-52.4) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 48.9 (42.3-56.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
| Site | |||||
| Urban | 106 | 56.4 (46.6-68.2) | Reference | 60.4 (49.9-73.0) | Reference |
| Semi-urban | 138 | 43.0 (36.4-50.9) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 45.5 (38.5-53.8) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) |
| Rural | 113 | 43.9 (36.5-52.8) | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) | 47.1 (39.2-56.7) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) |
| Education | |||||
| ≥13 | 34 | 60.0 (42.9-84.0) | Reference | 62.8 (44.9-87.0) | Reference |
| 7-12 | 47 | 48.9 (36.8-65.1) | 0.9 (0.6-1.6) | 51.6 (38.8-68.7) | 0.9 (0.5-1.5) |
| 1-6 | 93 | 49.3 (40.3-60.5) | 1.1 (0.6-1.8) | 52.3 (42.7-64.1) | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) |
| 0 | 183 | 43.1 (37.3-49.8) | 0.9 (0.5-1.4) | 46.3 (40.0-53.5) | 0.9 (0.5-1.4) |
| Occupational attainment | |||||
| Semi-Skilled/higher level | 40 | 49.6 (36.4-67.7) | Reference | 52.2 (38.3-71.1) | Reference |
| Elementary | 135 | 46.8 (39.5-55.4) | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) | 49.3 (41.6-58.3) | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) |
| Trade | 145 | 44.2 (37.6-52.1) | 1.0 (0.6-1.4) | 47.2 (40.1-55.6) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) |
| Number of household possessions (wealth) | |||||
| >10 | 40 | 47.4 (34.7-64.6) | Reference | 49.0 (35.9-66.7) | Reference |
| 6-10 | 77 | 42.5 (34.0-53.2) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 45.2 (36.1-56.5) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| 3-5 | 110 | 39.4 (32.7-47.5) | 0.6 (0.5-0.8) | 42.2 (35.0-50.8) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8) |
| <3 | 130 | 58.9 (49.6-69.9) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 63.3 (53.3-75.2) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) |
| Living condition | |||||
| Floor type | |||||
| Hard | 298 | 49.2 (44.0-55.2) | Reference | 51.8 (46.2-58.0) | Reference |
| Earthen (clay) | 48 | 39.8 (30.0-52.9) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 43.2 (32.6-57.4) | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) |
| Source of water supply | |||||
| Protected (Piped/tubed) | 241 | 44.7 (39.4-50.7) | Reference | 47.2 (41.6-53.6) | Reference |
| Unprotected (river/stream/ rain) | 107 | 56.9 (47.1-68.7) | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) | 60.1 (49.7-72.6) | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) |
| Energy source for cooking | |||||
| Electricity | 38 | 65.9 (47.9-90.5) | Reference | 69.2 (50.4-95.1) | Reference |
| Paraffin/Kerosine | 121 | 51.6 (43.2-61.8) | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 54.6 (45.7-65.3) | 0.8 (0.6-1.3) |
| Wood/Charcoal | 188 | 43.2 (37.5-49.9) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 45.7 (39.6-52.7) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) |
| Source of energy for light | |||||
| Electricity | 152 | 46.4 (39.6-54.4) | Reference | 49.1 (41.9-57.6) | Reference |
| Fossil (Paraffin/Kerosine/wood) | 194 | 48.5 (42.2-55.9) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 51.3 (44.5-59.0) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) |