Table 1.
An overview of currently available wires used in CTO.
| Wire | Manufacturer | Design/Lengths | Coating | Tip load (g) | Penetration force kg/in.2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fielder FC | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths. | Hydrophilic, polymer jacket | 0.8 | N/A |
| Fielder XT | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, polymer jacket | 0.8 | N/A |
| Fielder XT — A (A for antegrade) |
Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, polymer jacket | 1.0 | N/A |
| Fielder XT — R (R for retrograde collateral cross) |
Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, polymer jacket | 0.6 | N/A |
| Pilot 50 | Abbott | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 190 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, polymer jacket | 1.5 | N/A |
| Sion For retrograde collateral cross |
Asahi | Non-Tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed over spring coil and tip. | 0.7 | N/A |
| Sion Blue Workhorse wire for procedure completion |
Asahi | Non-Tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed over spring coil. Hydrophobic tip. | 0.5 | N/A |
| Gaia First | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.010 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 190 cm | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. Tip hydrophilic | 1.5 | Penetration efficiency rather than power. On par with miracle 6 |
| Gaia Second | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.011 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 190 cm | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. Tip hydrophilic | 3.5 | Penetration efficiency rather than power. On par with miracle 12 |
| Gaia Third | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.011 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 190 cm | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. Tip hydrophilic | 4.5 | Penetration efficiency rather than power. On par with Conquest Pro 12 |
| Miracle 3/MIRACLEbros 3 | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 cm length | Hydrophobic (silicone) | 3.0 | 20 |
| Miracle 4.5/MIRACLEbros 4.5 | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 cm length | Hydrophobic (silicone) | 4.5 | 30 |
| Miracle 6/MIRACLEbros 6 | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 cm length | Hydrophobic (silicone) | 6.0 | 39 |
| Miracle 12/MIRACLEbros 12 | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 cm length | Hydrophobic (silicone) | 12.0 | 78 |
| Ultimate Bros 3 | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed | 3 | 20 |
| Pilot 150 | Abbott | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 190 and 300 cm length | Hydrophilic, polymer jacketed | 2.7 | N/A |
| Pilot 200 | Abbott | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in., 190 and 300 cm length | Hydrophilic, polymer jacketed | 4.1 | N/A |
| Conquest/Confianza | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 180 cm length. Spring coil length 20 cm | Hydrophobic (silicone) | 9.0 | 142 |
| Conquest Pro/Confianza Pro | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 180 cm length. Spring coil length 20 cm | Hydrophilic non-jacketed over spring coil. Hydrophobic tip and shaft | 9.0 | 142 |
| Conquest Pro 12/Confianza Pro 12 | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 180 cm length. Spring coil length 20 cm | Hydrophilic non-jacketed over spring coil. Hydrophobic tip and shaft | 12.0 | 189 |
| Conquest Pro 8-20/Confianza Pro 8–20 | Asahi | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in., 180 cm length. Spring coil length 17 cm | Hydrophilic non-jacketed over spring coil. Hydrophobic tip and shaft | 20.0 | 315 |
| High Torque CROSS IT 100 XT | Abbott | Tapered tip 0.010 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic including tip, non-jacketed | 1.7 | 22 |
| High Torque CROSS IT 200 XT | Abbott | Tapered tip 0.010 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic including tip, non-jacketed | 4.7 | 60 |
| High Torque CROSS IT 300 XT | Abbott | Tapered tip 0.010 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic including tip, non-jacketed | 6.2 | 79 |
| High Torque CROSS IT 400 XT | Abbott | Tapered tip 0.010 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic including tip, non-jacketed | 8.7 | 110 |
| High Torque Progress 40 | Abbott | Non-Tapered tip 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. | 4.8 | 30 |
| High Torque Progress 80 | Abbott | Non-Tapered tip 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. | 9.7 | 63 |
| High Torque Progress 120 | Abbott | Non-Tapered tip 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. | 13.9 | 90 |
| High Torque Progress 140T | Abbott | Tapered tip 0.0105 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. | 12.5 | 144 |
| High Torque Progress 200T | Abbott | Tapered tip 0.009 in. Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm length. | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. | 13.3 | 209 |
| Galeo Hydro S | BIOTRONIK | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 175 cm length. | Hydrophilic 12 cm including tip. Hydrophobic shaft. Non-jacketed | 3.1 | N/A |
| Galeo Hydro F | BIOTRONIK | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 175 cm length. | Hydrophilic 12 cm including tip. Hydrophobic shaft. Non-jacketed | 6 | N/A |
| Galeo Hydro M | BIOTRONIK | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 175 cm length. | Hydrophilic 12 cm including tip. Hydrophobic shaft. Non-jacketed | 4.5 | N/A |
| PT Graphix | Boston | Non-Tapered tip. 0.014 in.. 182 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed. | 4.0 | 26 |
| Shinobi | CORDIS | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophillic. Teflon coated. | 2.0 | 13 |
| Shinobi Plus | CORDIS | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 180 and 300 cm lengths | Hydrophilic Teflon coated. | 4.0 | 26 |
| Persuader 3 | MEDTRONIC | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 5.1 | 33 |
| Persuader 6 | MEDTRONIC | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 8 | 52 |
| Persuader 9 | MEDTRONIC | Tapered tip. 0.010 in., Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 9.1 | 96 |
| Provia 3 | MEDTRONIC | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 180 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 3 | 19 |
| Provia 6 | MEDTRONIC | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 180 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 6 | 39 |
| Provia 9 | MEDTRONIC | Tapered tip. 0.009 in., Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 9 | 142 |
| Provia 12 | MEDTRONIC | Tapered tip. 0.009 in., Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 12 | 189 |
| Provia 15 | MEDTRONIC | Tapered tip. 0.009 in., Shaft 0.014 in. 190 and 300 cm lengths. | Available in hydrophilic (non-jacketed) and hydrophobic forms. Tip hydrophobic in all variants | 15 | 236 |
| Muskie | Vascular Solutions, Inc. |
Non-Tapered tip. 0.014 in. 195 and 300 cm lengths. | Hydrophillic, non-jacketed | 3 | 20 |
| Muskie | Vascular Solutions, Inc | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 195 and 300 cm lengths. | Hydrophillic, non-jacketed | 4.5 | 30 |
| Muskie | Vascular Solutions, Inc | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 195 and 300 cm lengths. | Hydrophillic, non-jacketed | 6 | 39 |
| Muskie | Vascular Solutions, Inc | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 195 and 300 cm lengths. | Hydrophillic, non-jacketed | 9 | 58 |
| Muskie | Vascular Solutions, Inc | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 195 and 300 cm lengths. | Hydrophillic, non-jacketed | 12 | 78 |
| High Torque floppy extra support | Abbott | Soft tip, high shaft support | Hydrophobic | 0.6 | N/A |
| Grand slam | Asahi | Soft tip, high shaft support | Hydrophobic | 0.7 | N/A |
| Stabiliser | CORDIS | Soft tip, high shaft support | Hydrophobic | Very soft tip | N/A |
| Stabiliser Plus | CORDIS | Soft tip, very high shaft support | Hydrophobic | Very soft tip | N/A |
| RG 3 | Asahi | Non-tapered tip. Tip 0.014 in., Shaft 0.010 in. 330 cm length | Hydrophilic, non-jacketed over the shaft | 3.0 | N/A |
| Rotawire | Boston Scientific | Monofilament wire. Tip 0.014 in. Shaft 0.009 in. 325 cm | Hydrophobic | N/A | N/A |
| ViperWire Advance | Cardiovascular systems | Non-tapered tip. 0.014 in. 330 cm | Hydrophobic | N/A | N/A |
N.B. Penetration power is the tip load or tip stiffness (in kg) divided by the area of the wire tip (square inches). It is a better representation of wire penetration ability. Shaft stiffness is a different measure that assesses delivery of equipment along the wire shaft. Penetration efficiency is a new concept in relation to the Gaia wire (Asahi Intecc), which describes the coexistence of high penetration force with maintained steerability and torque response within the CTO segment. Tip load and tip diameter data obtained from the respective manufacturer.