Table 2.
Doppler flow and pulsed tissue Doppler data (mean ± SD).
| Variable | Group 1 (n = 47) | Group 2 (n = 35) | Group 3 (n = 41) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transmitral flow peak E velocity, m/s | 0.84 ± 0.22 | 0.69 ± 0.24# | 0.85 ± 0.21§ |
| Transmitral flow peak A velocity, m/s | 0.71 ± 0.17 | 0.83 ± 0.19# | 0.61 ± 0.25#,† |
| Transmitral flow peak E/A | 1.23 ± 0.43 | 0.89 ± 0.54 | 1.84 ± 1.34‖,† |
| Deceleration time of transmitral flow, ms | 203 ± 49 | 281 ± 75⁎ | 232 ± 68§ |
| Transmitral flow A duration, ms | 149 ± 22 | 169 ± 24‖ | 164 ± 30‖ |
| Pulmonary venous flow peak S velocity, m/s | 0.53 ± 0.13 | 0.56 ± 0.15 | 0.43 ± 0.20‖,§ |
| Pulmonary venous flow peak D velocity, m/s | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.38 ± 0.14 | 0.57 ± 0.19‡,† |
| Pulmonary venous flow peak A velocity, m/s | 0.30 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.13 | 0.26 ± 0.13§ |
| Pulmonary venous flow peak D/S | 0.90 ± 0.25 | 0.80 ± 0.73 | 1.86 ± 1.59⁎,† |
| Pulmonary venous flow D velocity deceleration time, ms | 283 ± 287 | 339 ± 123 | 254 ± 79 |
| Pulmonary venous flow A duration, ms | 157 ± 24 | 184 ± 41‖ | 184 ± 34⁎ |
| Left ventricular outflow tract peak velocity, m/s | 0.98 ± 0.16 | 0.95 ± 0.17 | 1.00 ± 0.20 |
| Left ventricular outflow tract mean velocity, m/s | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 0.64 ± 0.12 | 0.66 ± 0.14 |
| Left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral, cm | 19.3 ± 3.9 | 20.3 ± 3.4 | 19.5 ± 4.3 |
| Isovolumic contraction time, ms | 82 ± 17 | 94 ± 21 | 109 ± 29⁎,§ |
| Isovolumic relaxation time, ms | 87 ± 20 | 122 ± 31‡ | 109 ± 46‖ |
| Ejection time, ms | 294 ± 38 | 317 ± 39# | 294 ± 31§ |
| Tissue Doppler imaging (peak systolic: s′, septum), cm/s | 6.45 ± 1.33 | 5.05 ± 1.05⁎ | 3.63 ± 1.31⁎,† |
| Tissue Doppler imaging (peak early diastolic: e′, septum), cm/s | 6.43 ± 2.04 | 3.10 ± 1.14⁎ | 2.40 ± 0.90⁎,⁎⁎ |
| Tissue Doppler Imaging (peak late diastolic: a′, septum), cm/s | 6.45 ± 1.40 | 5.84 ± 1.26 | 3.25 ± 1.91⁎,† |
| Tissue Doppler Imaging (peak systolic: s', lateral wall), cm/s | 7.78 ± 2.10 | 5.76 ± 1.73⁎ | 4.27 ± 1.52⁎,§ |
| Tissue Doppler Imaging (peak early diastolic: e′, lateral wall), cm/s | 8.77 ± 2.65 | 4.63 ± 1.72⁎ | 3.34 ± 1.35⁎,⁎⁎ |
| Tissue Doppler Imaging (peak late diastolic a′, lateral wall), cm/s | 5.99 ± 1.56 | 5.72 ± 1.30 | 3.07 ± 1.66⁎,† |
| E/e′ (septum) | 14.0 ± 5.1 | 24.1 ± 9.2‖ | 39.8 ± 19.6⁎,† |
| E/e′ (lateral wall) | 10.2 ± 3.7 | 17.0 ± 8.4‖ | 29.4 ± 12.9⁎,† |
⁎
P < 0.0001 vs group 1.
†
P < 0.0001 vs group 2.
‡
P < 0.001 vs group 1.
§
P < 0.01 vs group 2.
‖
P < 0.01 vs group 1.
#
P < 0.05 vs group 1.
⁎⁎
P < 0.05 vs group 2.