Table 3.
Left ventricular (LV) rotational data.
| Variable | Group 1 (n = 47) | Group 2 (n = 35) | Group 3 (n = 41) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basal LV rotation (°) | − 2.0 ± 4.4 | − 3.7 ± 3.9 | − 2.1 ± 2.8 |
| Basal rotation rate (S) (°/s) | − 20.4 ± 61.9 | − 29.7 ± 44.6 | − 17.0 ± 28.9 |
| Basal rotation rate (E) (°/s) | 34.4 ± 47.5 | 37.4 ± 47.5 | 15.6 ± 25.0 |
| Basal rotation rate (A) (°/s) | 20.8 ± 42.7 | 25.8 ± 30.3 | 12.9 ± 20.3 |
| Mid-LV rotation (°) | 2.5 ± 4.7 | − 0.3 ± 4.6‡ | 0.3 ± 3.3‡ |
| Mid- rotation rate (S) (°/s) | 16.9 ± 52.5 | − 0.5 ± 51.0 | − 1.0 ± 34.4 |
| Mid- rotation rate (E) (°/s) | − 17.0 ± 63.2 | 2.9 ± 55.8 | − 0.8 ± 32.5 |
| Mid- rotation rate (A) (°/s) | − 10.8 ± 41.0 | 7.1 ± 46.9 | 2.9 ± 21.1 |
| Apical LV rotation (°) | 7.4 ± 4.9 | 5.3 ± 3.8 | 5.0 ± 3.5† |
| Apical rotation rate (S) (°/s) | 64.3 ± 48.3 | 49.3 ± 35.0 | 39.3 ± 26.3† |
| Apical rotation rate (E) (°/s) | − 67.6 ± 46.9 | − 45.1 ± 42.1‡ | − 36.7 ± 26.0⁎ |
| Apical rotation rate (A) (°/s) | − 26.1 ± 38.7 | − 24.0 ± 34.3 | − 14.6 ± 18.3 |
| LV torsion (°) | 10.0 ± 5.3 | 8.7 ± 4.5 | 7.0 ± 3.3† |
| LV torsion rate (S) (°/s) | 79.1 ± 40.9 | 73.8 ± 38.8 | 53.7 ± 16.2⁎,§ |
| LV torsion rate (E) (°/s) | − 93.9 ± 56.4 | − 61.7 ± 54.7† | − 49.5 ± 21.2⁎ |
| LV torsion rate (A) (°/s) | − 42.4 ± 34.2 | − 42.0 ± 41.6 | − 25.3 ± 17.5†,‖ |
⁎
P < 0.0001 vs. group 1.
†
P < 0.01 vs. group 1.
‡
P < 0.05 vs. group 1.
§
P < 0.01 vs. group 2.
‖
P < 0.05 vs. group 2.