Table 4.
Global left ventricular strain imaging data.
| Variable | Group 1 (n = 47) | Group 2 (n = 35) | Group 3 (n = 41) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | − 17.3 ± 2.3 | − 13.3 ± 2.3⁎ | − 9.9 ± 3.3⁎,† |
| Strain rate (S)(s− 1) | − 1.04 ± 0.21 | − 0.75 ± 0.14⁎ | − 0.58 ± 0.19⁎,§ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | 1.23 ± 0.33 | 0.60 ± 0.19⁎ | 0.54 ± 0.15⁎ |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | 0.80 ± 0.23 | 0.81 ± 0.25 | 0.45 ± 0.29⁎,† |
| Basal global circ. strain (%) | − 19.5 ± 4.4 | − 16.5 ± 4.1‖ | − 16.0 ± 4.1⁎ |
| Strain rate (S) (s− 1) | − 1.32 ± 0.29 | − 1.19 ± 0.34 | − 1.07 ± 0.27⁎ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | 1.68 ± 0.62 | 0.99 ± 0.43⁎ | 0.91 ± 0.34⁎ |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | 0.79 ± 0.31 | 0.77 ± 0.31 | 0.52 ± 0.43‡,# |
| Mid-global circ. strain (%) | − 20.1 ± 4.0 | − 16.5 ± 6.4‖ | − 16.6 ± 3.7‡ |
| Strain rate (S) (s− 1) | − 1.33 ± 0.35 | − 1.11 ± 0.30‖ | − 1.06 ± 0.24⁎ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | 1.50 ± 0.48 | 1.02 ± 0.42⁎ | 0.96 ± 0.30⁎ |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | 0.86 ± 0.42 | 0.81 ± 0.37 | 0.53 ± 0.36⁎,# |
| Apical global circ. strain (%) | − 21.9 ± 5.8 | − 18.5 ± 4.6‖ | − 18.3 ± 4.8‖ |
| Strain rate (S) (s− 1) | − 1.54 ± 0.40 | − 1.23 ± 0.33‡ | − 1.13 ± 0.28⁎ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | 1.77 ± 0.60 | 1.17 ± 0.37⁎ | 1.21 ± 0.46⁎ |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | 0.93 ± 0.44 | 1.14 ± 0.53 | 0.54 ± 0.38⁎,† |
| Basal mean radial strain (%) | 60.0 ± 2.5 | 43.3 ± 3.0⁎ | 31.0 ± 2.0⁎,# |
| Strain rate (S) (s− 1) | 2.19 ± 0.80 | 2.01 ± 0.75 | 1.45 ± 0.49⁎,§ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | − 2.39 ± 0.11 | − 1.71 ± 0.13‡ | − 1.07 ± 0.40⁎,§ |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | − 1.74 ± 1.04 | − 1.53 ± 0.73 | − 0.90 ± 0.60⁎,§ |
| Mid-mean radial strain (%) | 61.7 ± 25.4 | 42.7 ± 15.3⁎ | 36.3 ± 18.3⁎ |
| Strain rate (S) (s− 1) | 2.19 ± 1.58 | 1.98 ± 0.85 | 1.53 ± 0.54‖ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | − 2.55 ± 1.24 | − 1.64 ± 0.84⁎ | − 1.26 ± 0.58⁎ |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | − 1.58 ± 0.97 | − 1.65 ± 0.83 | − 0.96 ± 0.62⁎,† |
| Apical mean radial strain (%) | 41.2 ± 23.0 | 37.5 ± 17.0 | 36.3 ± 19.2 |
| Strain rate (S) (s− 1) | 1.82 ± 0.79 | 1.95 ± 0.71 | 1.48 ± 0.69#,⁎⁎ |
| Strain rate (E) (s− 1) | − 2.26 ± 0.98 | − 1.73 ± 0.66‖ | − 1.34 ± 0.68⁎,†† |
| Strain rate (A) (s− 1) | − 1.14 ± 0.66 | − 1.66 ± 0.81‖ | − 0.91 ± 0.74† |
⁎
P < 0.0001 vs group 1.
†
P < 0.0001 vs group 2.
‡
P < 0.001 vs group 1.
§
P < 0.001 vs group 2.
‖
P < 0.01 vs group 1.
#
P < 0.01 vs group 2.
⁎⁎
P < 0.05 vs group 1.
††
P < 0.05 vs group 2.