Table 2. Comparison of total diet and main mealsa in participants with and without GERD symptoms .
| Variables |
GERD symptoms
(n=106) Median (range) |
No GERD symptoms
(n=111) Median (range) |
P b |
| Total dietary intake | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1922.5 (823-3815) | 1882 (915.8-3698.7) | 0.83 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 56.0 (35-77) | 57.0 (42-72) | 0.92 |
| % Energy from protein | 13.0 (8-25) | 13.0 (8-25) | 0.06 |
| % Energy from fat | 32.0 (11-53) | 30.0 (16-48) | 0.33 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 265.7 (97.8-526.2) | 272.1 (122.5-660.3) | 0.68 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 21.1 (1.6-59.1) | 23.0 (1.2-117) | 0.30 |
| Protein (g/d) | 60.6 (28.2-125.1) | 63.7 (33-151.7) | 0.11 |
| Fat (g/d) | 62.4 (18.3-146.8) | 61.4 (26.4-168.8) | 0.78 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 187.2 (8.8-733.5) | 211.5 (25.4-598) | 0.76 |
| Breakfast | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 415.7 (50.1-1057) | 355.7 (21.3-1323) | 0.25 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 62.5(15-83) | 60.0 (9-100) | 0.12 |
| % Energy from protein | 12.0 (2-23) | 12.0 (0-29) | 0.63 |
| % Energy from fat | 25.0 (4-80) | 28.0 (0-76) | 0.23 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 67.4 (5.7-202.2) | 57.0 (5.3-186.0) | 0.19 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 0 (0-11.0) | 0 (0-12.1) | 0.84 |
| Protein (g/d) | 11.9 (1.1-40.1) | 11.4 (0-73.0) | 0.52 |
| Fat (g/d) | 10.4 (1.3-40.5) | 11.3 (0-59.4) | 0.51 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 36.4 (0-326.6) | 28.6 (0-399) | 0.91 |
| Lunch | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 651.7 (158.5-1528) | 589.2 (290.7-2744) | 0.23 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 49.0 (23-81) | 50.0 (29-82) | 0.42 |
| % Energy from protein | 13.0 (6-31) | 14.0 (6-29) | 0.18 |
| % Energy from fat | 36 (5-63) | 35.0 (8-59) | 0.15 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 76.7 (21.2-271.6) | 69.1 (30.5-544) | 0.44 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 2.8 (0-12.7) | 2.7 (0-21.7) | 0.13 |
| Protein (g/d) | 19.5 (7.0-62.7) | 21.6 (6.5-96.6) | 0.52 |
| Fat (g/d) | 26.3 (3.2-71.5) | 21.8 (4.3-58.1) | 0.04 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 43.3 (0-286.1) | 45.5 (0-354) | 0.51 |
| Dinner | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 440 (21.9-1146) | 484 (0-1437) | 0.49 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 51 (17-83) | 54 (0-77) | 0.46 |
| % Energy from protein | 15 (7-43) | 17 (0-38) | 0.42 |
| % Energy from fat | 31 (4-76) | 29 (0-79) | 0.15 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 54.4 (4.6-184) | 59 (0-288.4) | 0.12 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 2.4 (0-19) | 2.5 (0-113.2) | 0.61 |
| Protein (g/d) | 16.8 (0.7-68.7) | 17.9 (0-103.5) | 0.36 |
| Fat (g/d) | 14.6 (0.08-78.2) | 15.2 (0-71.6) | 0.92 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 45.7 (0-437.8) | 65.3 (0-240) | 0.24 |
Abbreviation: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.
aMeasured by a 3-day food record.
b Mann-Whitney U test.