Table 3. Comparison of daily individual snacksa between participants with and without GERD symptoms .
| Variables |
GERD symptoms
(n=106) Median (range) |
No GERD symptoms
(n=111) Median (range) |
P b |
| Morning snack | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 86.6 (0-508.6) | 95.0 (0-668) | 0.65 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 68.0 (0-100) | 70 (0-100) | 0.72 |
| % Energy from protein | 7.0 (0-27) | 6.0 (0-29) | 0.93 |
| % Energy from fat | 18.0 (0-74) | 18.0 (0-73) | 0.58 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 15.3 (0-72.4) | 15.4 (0-87.6) | 0.61 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 1.7 (0-19.8) | 0 (0-28) | 0.83 |
| Protein (g/d) | 1.6 (0-17.6) | 1.8 (0-19.2) | 0.62 |
| Fat (g/d) | 1.9 (0-20.6) | 1.9 (0-31.4) | 0.78 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 0 (0-227) | 0.5 (0-401) | 0.23 |
| Evening snack | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 129.5 (0-617.6) | 170.5 (0-615.7) | 0.01 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 72.5 (0-100) | 69.0 (0-100) | 0.02 |
| % Energy from protein | 7.0 (0-21) | 7.0 (0-34) | 0.10 |
| % Energy from fat | 17.5 (0-47) | 21.0 (0-60) | 0.13 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 25.0 (0-119.5) | 29.6 (0-104) | 0.05 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 4.0 (0-28.8) | 4.9 (0-39.3) | 0.03 |
| Protein (g/d) | 2.4 (0-19.4) | 3.1 (0-21.8) | 0.01 |
| Fat (g/d) | 2.5 (0-28.7) | 3.7 (0-40) | 0.01 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 0.1 (0-253) | 0.6 (0-114.5) | 0.40 |
| Before-bed snack | |||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 97.1 (0-727.3) | 84.7 (0-782) | 0.12 |
| % Energy from carbohydrates | 74.5 (0-100) | 73 (0-100) | 0.71 |
| % Energy from protein | 7 (0-27) | 7 (0-27) | 0.57 |
| % Energy from fat | 13.5 (0-76) | 11 (0-55) | 0.54 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 18.2 (0-139.3) | 15.9 (0-75.3) | 0.22 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 4.7 (0-45.1) | 3.9 (0-24.6) | 0.68 |
| Protein (g/d) | 1.7 (0-14) | 1.5 (0-23.8) | 0.23 |
| Fat (g/d) | 1.6 (0-20.1) | 1.1 (0-48.1) | 0.12 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 0 (0-180.3) | 0 (0-109.5) | 0.16 |
Abbreviation: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.
aMeasured by a 3-day food record.
b Mann-Whitney U test.