Table 4. Comparison of meal volume and caloric density of total diet and individual meals^a in participants with and without GERD symptoms .

Variables	GERD symptoms (n=106) Median (range)	No GERD symptoms (n=111) Median (range)	P b
Volume of total diet (g)	1973.5 (818.7-3898)	1937 (724-3563)	0.25
Volume of individual meals (g) at:
Breakfast	403 (13.6-1257)	388 (52-1088)	0.31
Morning snack	143 (0-512)	168 (0-811)	0.66
Lunch	516 (161-1292)	468 (198-1060)	0.02
Evening snack	278 (0-831)	310 (0-727)	0.49
Dinner	353.5 (26.2-956)	365 (0-894)	0.79
Before -bed snack	184 (0-797)	153 (0-924)	0.10
Caloric density of total diet (cal/g)	0.94 (0.49-1.74)	0.97 (0.54-3.02)	0.27
Caloric density of individual meals (cal/g) at:
Breakfast	1.01 (0.34-4.50)	0.99 (0.14-4.67)	0.84
Morning snack	0.62 (0-5.98)	0.50 (0-5.84)	0.91
Lunch	1.27 (0.49-2.70)	1.34 (0.54-11.29)	0.27
Evening snack	0.49 (0-3.82)	0.56 (0-3.73)	0.05
Dinner	1.36 (0.3-2.70)	1.33 (0-3.31)	0.89
Before- bed snack	0.46 (0-5.95)	0.42 (0-5.25)	0.24
Meal frequency	6 (4-6)	6 (3-6)	0.37

Abbreviation: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.

^aMeasured by a 3-day food record.

^b Mann-Whitney U test.