Table 3. Characteristics* of Cases with Progression from No/Very Low or Low LUTS and Controls, Placebo Arm, PCPT.
| Progression from no/very low LUTS** | Progression from low LUTS*** | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Controls | Cases | P | Controls | Cases | P | |
| N | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | ||
| Age at end of study biopsy in years (mean) | 69.4 | 69.6 | **** | 70.1 | 69.8 | **** |
| White (%) | 95.6 | 95.7 | **** | 95.7 | 95.7 | **** |
| College education or higher (%) | 44.4 | 47.8 | 0.7 | 50 | 58.7 | 0.4 |
| BMI in kg/m2 (mean) | 26.8 | 28.0 | 0.07 | 28.2 | 27.6 | 0.5 |
| Waist circumference in cm (mean) | 96.7 | 102.5 | 0.02 | 103.0 | 100.7 | 0.3 |
| Moderate or higher physical activity (%) | 26.8 | 28.0 | 0.07 | 28.2 | 27.6 | 0.5 |
| Ever smoked cigarettes (%) | 53.3 | 54.4 | 0.9 | 82.6 | 71.7 | 0.2 |
| Pack years among those who ever smoked (mean) | 20.7 | 23.0 | 0.6 | 22.9 | 27.1 | 0.3 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 8.9 | 0 | 0.06 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 1.0 |
| Aspirin use (%) | 42.2 | 26.1 | 0.1 | 50.0 | 30.4 | 0.05 |
| Serum PSA just prior to the end of study biopsy in ng/mL (mean) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 0.5 |
| Prostate cancer diagnosis on end of study biopsy (%) | 20.0 | 21.7 | 0.8 | 23.9 | 19.6 | 0.6 |
| Daily intake (mean) | ||||||
| Energy in kcal | 2,106 | 1,897 | 0.2 | 2,119 | 2,449 | 0.09 |
| Vegetables in servings, 5-A-Day Method | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 0.2 |
| Total fat in g | 75.2 | 67.1 | 0.2 | 76.1 | 90.3 | 0.1 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids in g | 16.0 | 13.4 | 0.09 | 15.8 | 18.7 | 0.1 |
| Total protein in g | 90.5 | 80.0 | 0.1 | 88.6 | 104.4 | 0.07 |
| Red meat in servings | 4.5 | 3.6 | 0.09 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 0.05 |
| Alcoholic beverages in number of drinks | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
| IPSS (mean) | ||||||
| Baseline | 4.9 | 4.0 | 0.03 | 10.5 | 9.5 | 0.003 |
| Year 1 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 0.1 | 8.9 | 10.9 | 0.01 |
| Year 2 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 0.002 | 8.2 | 12.2 | <0.0001 |
| Year 3 | 4.3 | 7.6 | 0.0001 | 9.4 | 11.9 | 0.005 |
| Year 4 | 4.2 | 8.2 | <0.0001 | 8.7 | 13 | <0.0001 |
| Year 5 | 5.1 | 8.6 | <0.0001 | 8.5 | 13.3 | <0.0001 |
| Year 6 | 3.9 | 9.5 | <0.0001 | 8.6 | 15.1 | <0.0001 |
| Year 7 | 2.9 | 12.2 | <0.0001 | 7.1 | 16.8 | <0.0001 |
| Mean change in IPSS from baseline to year 7 | -2.0 | 8.3 | <0.0001 | -3.4 | 7.3 | <0.0001 |
*
Baseline unless otherwise specified.
**
Controls had IPSS < 8 at baseline and baseline to year 7 slope < 25th percentile. Cases had IPSS < 8 at baseline and baseline to year 7 slope >75th percentile.
***
Controls had IPSS = 8-14 at baseline and baseline to year 7 slope < 25th percentile. Cases had IPSS = 8-14 at baseline and baseline to year 7 slope >75th percentile.
****
Frequency matched.