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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2017 Mar 8;326:244–255. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.046

Figure 5. Adult lung state and cytokine expression.

Figure 5

Lung function measures for the four treatment groups: Control (CON), Airway Inflammation (AI), Labored Breathing (LB), and Airway Inflammation + Labored Breathing (AI+LB). Adolescent HDM treatments (AI and AI+LB groups) led to increased mucus (A), average inflammation patch length (B), number of inflammation patches (C), and gene expression (mRNA) for IL-4 (E), IL-5 (F), and IL-13 (G). Mucus and IL-5 expression were both greater in females compared to males. Collagen measures were not significantly different across groups (D). Main effects of AI and Sex indicated by * (p<0.05), ** (p<0.01), and *** (p<0.001). [Contrasts & pairwise group comparisons: AI and AI+LB groups had significantly more mucus (p<0.001) and more inflammation (length and number of patches, p<0.001) than both CON and LB groups. Compared to the CON group, AI had more gene expression of IL-4 (p<0.05), and AI and AI+LB groups had more expression of IL-5 (p<0.01 and 0.05), and IL-13 (p<0.001). Further pairwise comparisons indicated that the AI group had greater expression of IL-5 (p<0.01) and IL-13 (p<0.001) than the LB group, and the AI+LB group had greater IL-13 expression than the LB group (p<0.05).]