Table 1.
Baseline characteristics among persons according to diabetes status. A 12 1/2-year follow-up of Oslo men of the Oslo II study of 2000.
| Risk factor | Diabetes n = 425 |
Nondiabetes n = 6009 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | ||
| Oral health | |||
| Total number of extractions, n mean (SD) | 5.46 (8.36) | 4.11 (6.78)∗ | |
| Total number of tooth extractions by group, n, test of trend | 1 = 0-1 | 179 (42.1) | 2747 (45.7)∗ |
| 2 = 2–4 | 111 (26.1) | 1815 (30.2) | |
| 3 = 5–8 | 58 (13.6) | 731 (12.2) | |
| 4 = 9–31 | 60 (14.1) | 572 (9.5) | |
| 5 = 32 | 17 (4.0) | 144 (2.4) | |
| Tooth extraction by infection (TE), n (%) | 267 (62.8) | 3350∗ (55.7) | |
| Periodontitis (PI), n (%) | 49 (12.5) | 342∗ (6.0) | |
| TE and PI combined (OI), n (%) | 280 (65.9) | 3510∗ (58.4) | |
| Medication | |||
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 196 (54.3) | 1507∗∗∗ (28.0) | |
| Cholesterol-reducing drugs, n (%) | 113 (33.0) | 899∗∗∗ (17.0) | |
| Take insulin, n (%) | 342 (80.5) | — | |
| Glucose-reducing drugs, n (%) | 222 (52.2) | — | |
| General measurements | |||
| Age in 2000, years mean (SD) | 70.4 (4.7) | 69.2∗ (6.3) | |
| Glucose, nonfasting, mmol/l mean (SD) | 9.72 (4.0) | 5.6∗ (1.2) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg mean (SD) | 149.7 (22.6) | 144.0∗ (20.2) | |
| BMI, Kg/mm2 mean (SD) | 27.8 (3.8) | 26.2∗ (3.3) | |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l mean (SD) | 5.4 (1.1) | 6.0∗ (1.1) | |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.3) | 1.9∗ (1.1) | |
| HDL, mmol/l mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.4∗ (0.4) | |
| hs-CRP, mmol/l mean (SD) n diabetes 331, nondiabetes 4662 | 4.5 (9.3) | 3.5∗ (9.0) | |
| Alcohol drinking, 4–7 times per week, n (%) | 309 (72.7) | 3792 ∗ (63.1) | |
| Daily smoking, n (%) | 77 (18.1) | 1247 (20.8) | |
| Level of education, 1–12 mean (SD) | 11.7 (3.6) | 12.2∗ (3.4) | |
| Health service use | |||
| Visit to the dentist in the last 12 months | None | 68 (17.1) | 796 (13.6)∗∗ |
| 1–3 times | 290 (72.9) | 4630 (79.4) | |
| 4 or more times | 40 (10.1) | 406 (7.0) | |
| Visit to a general practitioner in the last 12 months | None | 35 (8.6) | 1175 (20.1) ∗∗∗ |
| 1–3 times | 155 (38.3) | 3389 (57.9) | |
| 4 or more times | 215 (53.1) | 1286 (22.2) | |
∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001.