Figure 3.

Effect of local SM-MSC administration on cytokine profiles in CIA mice. (a) Synovia of the right knee joints was harvested from five mice of each group at the end of the experiment, and quantitative PCR was performed to measure mRNA levels of several cytokines in resident synoviocytes. The mRNA levels of the target genes were normalized to those of the β-actin gene. (b) Peripheral blood from SM-MSC-treated mice and PBS-treated mice was obtained on day 70, and serum samples were tested for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-4 concentrations by using Milliplex analysis. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was calculated. Data have been shown as mean±SD values. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01; ns, no significance.