Table 1.

General description of the population by vitamin D deficiency status

	Total (n = 1128)	Deficient, <20 ng/mL (n = 416)	Not deficient, ≥20 ng/mL (n = 712)	p value
Age, mean (SD)	69.6 (7.67)	70.67 (8.01)	69.1 (7.4)	0.001
Women, n (%)	578 (51.2)	271 (65.1)	307 (43.1)	<0.001
Marital status, n (%)	654 (57.9)	212 (50.9)	442 (62.1)	<0.001
Years of education, mean (SD)	4.5 (4.26)	5.3 (4.5)	4.1 (4.05)	<0.001
Current smoker, n (%)	129 (11.4)	61 (14.6)	68 (9.5)	0.009
Low physical activity, n (%)	669 (59.3)	293 (70.4)	376 (52.8)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	264 (23.4)	123 (29.5)	141 (19.8)	<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	554 (49.1)	214 (51.4)	340 (47.7)	0.232
Cardiac disease, n (%)	43 (3.8)	17 (4.1)	26 (3.6)	0.713
Lung disease, n (%)	68 (6.04)	33 (7.93)	35 (4.93)	0.041
Cancer, n (%)	31 (2.75)	15 (3.6)	16 (2.2)	0.178
Stroke, n (%)	26 (2.3)	9 (2.1)	17 (2.3)	0.809
Falls, n (%)	482 (42.7)	181 (43.5)	301 (42.2)	0.686
Depression, n (%)	427 (37.9)	166 (40.2)	261 (36.7)	0.246
Cognitive decline, n (%)	99 (8.78)	36 (8.6)	63 (8.8)	0.911
Functional dependency, n (%)	203 (18)	97 (23.3)	106 (14.8)	<0.001
BMI, mean (SD)	28.4 (5.3)	29.1 (5.6)	28.1 (5.1)	0.001
Systolic pressure, mean (SD)	143 (21.1)	145.5 (21.6)	141.5 (20.7)	0.002
Diastolic pressure, mean (SD)	77.8 (11.2)	78.4 (11.2)	77.5 (11.1)	0.21
Waist-to-hip index, mean (SD)	0.96 (0.07)	0.95 (0.08)	0.96 (0.07)	0.037
CRP, mean (SD)	4.2 (5.79)	4.8 (7.3)	3.86 (4.64)	0.008
Total cholesterol, mean (SD)	198 (45.3)	201.5 (48.7)	195.9 (43.1)	0.046
HDL-c, mean (SD)	41.1 (10.5)	41.8 (11.4)	40.6 (9.9)	0.066
TSH, mean (SD)	2.85 (5.2)	3.4 (7.25)	2.52 (3.59)	0.006
Hemoglobin, mean (SD)	14.8 (2.12)	14.8 (1.99)	14.8 (2.1)	0.927
Glycated hemoglobin	0.39 (0.48)	0.46 (0.49)	0.34 (0.47)	0.002