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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2017 May 4;77(13):3417–3430. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1616

Figure 4. Regulation of prostate cancer cell growth and AR expression and signaling by GRHL2.

Figure 4

(A) Prostate cancer cell lines were transfected with 3 distinct siRNAs and Trypan blue growth assays were performed. Error bars represent ± SD. (B) LNCaP cells were transfected with GRHL2 siRNA (siGRHL2) or a control (siNC) and gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR after 48 hours. Error bars represent ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. (C) Prostate cancer cell lines were transfected with GRHL2 siRNA (siGRHL2) or a control (siNC) and, 2 days later, protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. Tubulin or GAPDH are shown as loading controls. (D) LNCaP cells were transfected with a GRHL2 over-expression vector (GRHL2-OE) or a control (Empty) and protein expression was assessed by Western blotting after 48 hours. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. (E) AR expression is higher in metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) tumors with GRHL2 copy number gain or amplification compared to tumors with no change in GRHL2 copy number (diploid). Data is from the Grasso cohort and was obtained via cBioPortal. P value was determined using an unpaired t test.