Table 4.
Impact of CQI intervention on adolescent and healthcare worker outcomes.
| Baseline | Intervention | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean, n (%) | N | Mean, n (%) | aRD | 95% CI | P value | aRR | 95% CI | P value | ||||
| VCT | |||||||||||||
| Change associated with CQI | −0.08 | −0.59 | 0.43 | 0.755 | |||||||||
| Satisfaction with testing visit (1–5) | 63 | 4.5 | 248 | 4.5 | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.06 | −0.07 | 0.19 | 0.380 | – | |||
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | −0.07 | −0.20 | 0.07 | 0.326 | |||||||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.30 | −0.04 | 0.63 | 0.080 | 1.72 | 0.76 | 3.90 | 0.194 | |||||
| Correct knowledge of HIV transmission | 63 | 24 (38) | 248 | 178 (72) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.10 | 0.773 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 0.787 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | −0.01 | −0.10 | 0.07 | 0.763 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.781 | |||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.39 | 0.02 | 0.76 | 0.038 | 2.17 | 0.93 | 5.04 | 0.071 | |||||
| Correct knowledge of HIV prevention | 63 | 29 (46) | 248 | 151 (61) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | −0.04 | −0.14 | 0.06 | 0.411 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 0.396 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.03 | −0.07 | 0.13 | 0.538 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.486 | |||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.78 | −0.11 | 1.67 | 0.087 | |||||||||
| Intent to retest within 1 year (1–5) | 63 | 4.0 | 248 | 4.3 | Time trend during baseline (per week) | −0.12 | −0.36 | 0.11 | 0.299 | – | |||
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.12 | −0.12 | 0.35 | 0.336 | |||||||||
| Change associated with CQI | −0.13 | −0.35 | 0.09 | 0.238 | 0.71 | 0.33 | 1.54 | 0.393 | |||||
| Provider discussed FP (adolescents age >15) | 160 | 29 (18) | 104 | 48 (46) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.026 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.033 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.048 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.838 | |||||
| Change associated with CQI | −0.06 | −0.29 | 0.17 | 0.595 | 0.86 | 0.50 | 1.46 | 0.568 | |||||
| Provider discussed STI (adolescents age >15) | 160 | 61 (38) | 104 | 57 (55) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.158 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.131 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.432 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.984 | |||||
| Youth Center | |||||||||||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.12 | −0.16 | 0.40 | 0.384 | |||||||||
| Satisfaction with testing visit (1–5) | 109 | 4.5 | 454 | 4.5 | Time trend during baseline (per week) | −0.03 | −0.10 | 0.05 | 0.499 | – | |||
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0.09 | 0.606 | |||||||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.63 | <0.001 | 2.27 | 1.05 | 4.94 | 0.038 | |||||
| Correct knowledge of HIV transmission | 109 | 20 (18) | 454 | 289 (63) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.09 | 0.221 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 0.148 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | −0.04 | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.147 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 1.01 | 0.127 | |||||
| Change associated with CQI | −0.03 | −0.26 | 0.19 | 0.759 | 0.95 | 0.59 | 1.53 | 0.826 | |||||
| Correct knowledge of HIV prevention | 109 | 52 (48) | 454 | 242 (53) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.00 | −0.06 | 0.06 | 0.931 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.933 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.731 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.767 | |||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.39 | −0.19 | 0.96 | 0.185 | |||||||||
| Intent to retest within 1 year (1–5) | 109 | 4.0 | 454 | 4.2 | Time trend during baseline (per week) | −0.06 | −0.21 | 0.09 | 0.446 | – | |||
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.06 | −0.10 | 0.21 | 0.460 | |||||||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.28 | 0.188 | 1.95 | 0.99 | 3.83 | 0.053 | |||||
| Provider discussed FP (adolescents age >15) | 322 | 53 (16) | 158 | 77 (49) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.669 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.803 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.011 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.091 | |||||
| Change associated with CQI | 0.00 | −0.18 | 0.18 | 0.994 | 1.18 | 0.84 | 1.65 | 0.330 | |||||
| Provider discussed STI (adolescents age >15) | 322 | 145 (45) | 158 | 110 (70) | Time trend during baseline (per week) | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.308 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.908 |
| Change in time trend during intervention (per week) | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.025 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.128 | |||||
| Healthcare worker outcomes at VCT and Youth Center combineda | |||||||||||||
| Overall satisfaction with job environment (1–5) | 22 | 4.2 | 22 | 4.2 | Change associated with CQIa | −0.04 | −0.28 | 0.20 | 0.746 | – | – | – | – |
aRD, adjusted risk difference; aRR, adjusted relative risk; CQI, continuous quality improvement; FP, family planning; STI, sexually transmitted infection; VCT, Voluntary Counseling and Testing.
aUnpaired t test, no temporal trend adjustment made.
Bold values in the table indicate P-values <0.05 (statistically significant values). Bold italics values in the table indicate P-values >0.05 and <0.10 (trend towards significance).