Table 1. Patient characteristics by GFR.
| Characteristics | All patients without ESRD (494) | Patients with GFR <130 (467) | Patients with GFR >130a (27) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 59.9 ± 15.8 | 61.0 ± 15.0 | 40.5 ± 16.2 | <0.001 |
| Male, % (#) | 52.6 (260) | 53.1 (248) | 44.4 (12) | 0.381 |
| African-American, % (n) | 30.0 (148) | 27.8 (130) | 66.7 (18) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, % (n) | 19.2 (95) | 19.7 (92) | 11.1 (3) | 0.271 |
| Bone marrow transplant, % (n) | 4.7 (23) | 4.3 (20) | 11.1 (3) | 0.124 |
| Solid organ transplant, % (n) | 3.8 (19) | 4.1 (19) | 0 | 0.615 |
| CHF, % (n) | 14.0 (69) | 14.8 (69) | 0 | 0.022 |
| COPD, % (n) | 14.2 (70) | 14.6 (68) | 7.4 (2) | 0.403 |
| Diabetes mellitus, type 2, % (n) | 28.5 (141) | 29.3 (137) | 14.8 (4) | 0.104 |
| Solid organ malignancy, % (n) | 27.9 (138) | 28.7 (134) | 14.8 (4) | 0.118 |
| Leukemia, % (n) | 19.2 (95) | 18.4 (86) | 33.3 (9) | 0.056 |
| Lymphoma, % (n) | 6.1 (30) | 6.2 (29) | 3.7 (1) | 1 |
| Cirrhosis, % (n) | 5.5 (27) | 5.8 (27) | 0 | 0.387 |
| Antibiotics within 30 days, % (n) | 38.3 (189) | 37.5 (175) | 51.9 (14) | 0.135 |
| Healthcare exposure, % (n) | 69.2 (342) | 68.7 (321) | 77.8 (21) | 0.322 |
| MDR, % (n) | 18.6 (92) | 18.8 (88) | 14.8 (4) | 0.8 |
| Time to appropriate antibiotics (hours) | 2.4 [1.1–5.0] | 2.4 [1.1–5] | 2.1 [1.0–5.3] | 0.930 |
| Immunosuppressed, % (n) | 36.8 (182) | 36.6 (171) | 40.7 (11) | 0.666 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 0.48 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| APACHE II score | 13.3 ± 5.3 | 13.4 ± 5.3 | 10.2 ± 5.3 | 0.002 |
| Patient origin, % (n) | 0.845 | |||
| Nursing home, SNF, or LTACH | 8.5 (42) | 8.6 (40) | 7.4 (2) | |
| Community | 54.7 (270) | 54.8 (256) | 51.9 (14) | |
| OSH | 10.3 (51) | 10.5 (49) | 7.4 (2) | |
| In hospital | 26.5 (131) | 26.1 (122) | 33.3 (9) | |
| Infection source, % (n) | ||||
| Central venous catheter | 8.9 (44) | 8.8 (41) | 11.1 (3) | 0.724 |
| Genitourinary | 42.5 (210) | 42.8 (200) | 37.0 (10) | 0.554 |
| Pulmonary | 5.5 (27) | 5.1 (24) | 11.1 (3) | 0.177 |
| Gastrointestinal | 16.4 (81) | 17.1 (80) | 3.7 (1) | 0.103 |
| Unknown | 24.5 (121) | 24.0 (112) | 33.3 (9) | 0.272 |
| Otherc | 2.2 (11) | 2.1 (10) | 3.7 (1) | 0.465 |
| Sepsis | 34.4 (170) | 33.2 (155) | 55.6 (15) | 0.051 for all categories |
| Severe sepsis | 37.7 (186) | 38.1 (178) | 29.6 (8) | |
| Septic shock | 27.9 (138) | 28.7 (134) | 14.8 (4) | |
| Elevated lactate (>2.1) | 2.4 [1.4–4.2] | 2.4 [1.4–4.2] | 2.0 [1.3–3.9] | 0.629 |
| LOS | 7.7 [4.7–19.6] | 7.7 [4.6–19.6] | 8.8 [4.8–20.8] | 0.644 |
| ICU LOS | 0.8 [0–4.8] | 0.9 [0–4.7] | 0 [0–7.6] | 0.913 |
| Thirty-day mortality | 13.0 (64) | 13.1 (61) | 11.1 (3) | 1 |
aGFR >130 by MDRD or CKD-EPI.
bp value for comparison of patients with ARC to those without ARC.
cTypes of infections in the other category include central nervous system, skin and soft tissue, vascular graft, muscle, joint, osteomyelitis, and gynecologic. ARC: augmented renal clearance. CHF: congestive heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; MDR: multi-drug resistance; APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SNF: skilled nursing facility; LTACH: long-term acute care hospital; OSH: outside hospital; CNS: central nervous system.