Table 3. mRNA expression in PBMC’s of septicaemic melioidosis patients (n = 18), melioidosis patients with underlying comorbidities/risk factors (n = 27), melioidosis with ≤15 days of fever (n = 4) compared to sepsis negative controls (n = 10).
| Septicaemic Melioidosis vs Sepsis controls | Melioidosis with risk factors vs Sepsis controls | Melioidosis (≤15 days of fever) vs Sepsis controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | Relative expression ratio [95% CI] | P value | Relative expression ratio [95% CI] | P value | Relative expression ratio [95% CI] | P value |
| HMGB1 | 0.29[0.144,0.567]* | 0.0011 | 0.28[0.140,0.548]* | 0.0008 | 0.28[0.086,0.933]* | 0.0414 |
| IL6 | 0.84[0.350,2.030] | 0.6902 | 0.84[0.331,2.133] | 0.7042 | 0.20[0.000,2506.893] | 0.3490 |
| IL8 | 0.36[0.144,0.922] * | 0.0348 | 0.42[0.164,1.097] | 0.0743 | 0.25[0.068,0.885]* | 0.0355 |
| IL1β | 0.58[0.186,1.785] | 0.3167 | 0.73[0.243,2.221] | 0.5611 | 0.35[0.060,1.989] | 0.1942 |
| IFNγ | 0.82[0.457,1.472] | 0.4816 | 0.89[0.496,1.588] | 0.6681 | 1.01[0.363,2.789] | 0.9885 |
| TNFα | 0.69[0.350,1.363] | 0.2659 | 0.83[0.413,1.665] | 0.5798 | 0.53[0.154,1.832] | 0.2546 |
| IL15 | 0.55[0.234,1.288] | 0.1568 | 0.59[0.263,1.325] | 0.1864 | 0.35[0.018,6.719] | 0.3228 |
| IL4 | 3.09[0.740,12.862] | 0.0790 | 4.09[1.178,14.173]* | 0.0366 | 2.86[0.833,9.802] | 0.0893 |
| TLR2 | 0.42[0.183,0.980]* | 0.0452 | 0.44[0.191,1.017] | 0.0543 | 0.44[0.075,2.579] | 0.2843 |
| TLR4 | 0.35[0.133,0.936]* | 0.0378 | 0.37[0.137,0.974]* | 0.0447 | 0.33[0.053,2.045] | 0.1832 |
| MICB | 0.32[0.181,0.566]* | 0.0005 | 0.34[0.187,0.612]* | 0.0010 | 0.36[0.096,1.357] | 0.1020 |
| HLADMB | 0.71[0.402,1.266] | 0.2348 | 0.74[0.422,1.300] | 0.2809 | 0.60[0.108,3.358] | 0.4523 |
| PSMB2 | 0.25[0.117,0.516]* | 0.0009 | 0.26[0.128,0.543]* | 0.0012 | 0.22[0.049,1.014] | 0.0514 |
| PSME2 | 0.37[0.186,0.739]* | 0.0072 | 0.39[0.201,0.760]* | 0.0084 | 0.32[0.058,1.812] | 0.1468 |
| PSMB8 | 0.29[0.138,0.615]* | 0.0027 | 0.29[0.138,0.604]* | 0.0022 | 0.25[0.058,1.072] | 0.0582 |
| PSMA5 | 0.72[0.349,1.465] | 0.3400 | 0.83[0.400,1.715] | 0.5958 | 0.80[0.241,2.647] | 0.6419 |
| DNMT1A | 0.44[0.178,1.080] | 0.0705 | 0.50[0.207,1.205] | 0.1135 | 0.48[0.064,3.638] | 0.3620 |
| DNMT3A | 0.59[0.301,1.151] | 0.1149 | 0.67[0.346,1.300] | 0.2228 | 0.59[0.156,2.245] | 0.3298 |
| DNMT3B | 0.22[0.086,0.545]* | 0.0040 | 0.22[0.088,0.543]* | 0.0040 | 0.15[0.005,4.548] | 0.1327 |
| HDAC1 | 0.51[0.359,0.736]* | 0.0009 | 0.51[0.355,0.733]* | 0.0008 | 0.62[0.308,1.237] | 0.1346 |
| HDAC2 | 0.27[0.121,0.618]* | 0.0039 | 0.28[0.123,0.646]* | 0.0049 | 0.33[0.091,1.180] | 0.0783 |
| HDAC4 | 0.55[0.272,1.124] | 0.0966 | 0.65[0.324,1.306] | 0.2124 | 0.52[0.034,7.957] | 0.4746 |
PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CI, confidence interval; Relative expression ratio based on efficiency corrected delta delta Ct values presented as log values to the base 2, >1.5 indicates up regulation and ≤0.5 indicates down regulation in the experimental group compared to control group
* indicates statistically significant differential expression where P-value <0.05, P values calculated by paired t-tests