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. 2017 Jul 6;7:301. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00301

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Copyright © 2017 Gisder, Schüler, Horchler, Groth and Genersch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spearman correlation matrix values showing the pairwise correlation coefficients for the parameters season and the four infection categories (Nosema spp.-, N. apis-, N. ceranae-, and co-infections). Shape and orientation of the ellipses represent the data clouds of the respective correlation coefficients. Positive correlations are illustrated in blue and negative correlations in red. Coefficients (white digits) between |0.10| and |0.29| represent weak associations, coefficients between |0.30| and |0.49| represent medium associations and coefficients of |0.50| or above (beyond) represent strong associations.