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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4657. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04730-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of decreasing FFAR1 expression on accumulated hormone secretion from human islets cultured at 5.6 mM glucose in the absence (white bars) or presence of 0.5 mM palmitate (black bars) for 1 day. Relative FFAR1 mRNA levels (panel A) and total FFAR1 protein (panel B) at the end of culture as compared to non-mammalian target shRNA (neg) or shRNA targeting Ffar1 (Ffar1) treatment. Accumulated secretion of glucagon (panel C), insulin (panel D) and somatostatin (panel E) is shown. Results show mean ± SEM and are from n = 3–5 donor experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. control-neg, ^#p < 0.05 vs. palmitate-neg.