Table 3.

Synthesis of articles related to the study of factors associated with consumption.

Author	Type of population (age)	Total population	Addictive behavior	Results	Factors associated with consumption (risks or protective)
Barnard and Bain, 2015	3–14 years	6	Non-specific	The support of parent drug users through social interventions to reduce the risk of consumption in their children.	- (Risk) Low support from adults in educational community - (Protective) Support and communication skills of parent and social workers
Dickens et al., 2012	11–19 years	2,582	Alcohol	The support of the educational community and the influence of peers are two factors that have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol consumption in under-16s.	- (Risk) Low support from adults in educational community - (Risk) Weak attachment to school - (Risk) Influence of peers - (Protective) Support and communication skills of parent and social workers
Emory et al., 2015	10–13 years	688	Tobacco	Prevention messages in youth campaigns have a probability of reducing testing by 30%.	- (Protective) Prevention campaigns
Farmer and Hanratty, 2012	10–15 years	3,903	Tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs	Boys face overall higher consumption than girls. The feeling of well-being is a protective factor. The consumption of substances varies with age.	- (Risk) Gender: being a boy
Fernandez-Hermida et al., 2013	11–19 years	7,065	Alcohol	The 79.1% of parents underestimate their children’s alcohol consumption. Parents are mostly convinced that their children do not have access to drugs.	- (Risk) Underestimation of parents of their child’s consumption
Gaffar et al., 2013	10–21 years	3,923	Tobacco	Low academic achievement, friends’ consumption of tobacco and khat, being a boy, having a sense of high stress and the amount of pocket money are factors associated with the consumption of tobacco and khat.	- (Risk) Low educational outcomes - (Risk) Influence of peers - (Risk) Gender: being a boy - (Protective) Support and communication skills of parent and social workers
Liu et al., 2013	6–17 years	605	Cannabis	Situations of abuse in childhood have an effect on the use of cannabis in adolescence.	- (Risk) Situations of aggression - (Risk) Gender: being a boy
Marsiglia et al., 2011	ages 10–12	1,473	Alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, inhalants	Linguistic acculturation, particularly through the media, is a factor associated with substance use. Girls are more sensitive to tobacco consumption. Boys are more likely to consume cannabis. Introduction to inhalants is very present in 10 year olds.	- (Risk) Low linguistic acculturation
Ridenour et al., 2012	8–16 years	1,147	Alcohol, tobacco	Situations of chronic stress are predictors for drug use.	- (Risk) Situations of aggression
Traube et al., 2012	>11 years	827	Heroin, crack, cocaine, cannabis, tobacco, alcohol	The family placement of children is not a risk factor for drug use. The intensity of the child’s relationship with social workers’ referents has a positive effect on drinking.	- (Protective) Support and communication skills of parent and social workers
Wang et al., 2013	11–19 years	52,214	Alcohol	A link is shown between the presence of shops selling alcohol and consumption of alcohol by children.	- (Risk) Facility of access to the product
Zorbaz et al., 2015	8–10 years	396	Video games	Family relationships, time spent on the computer and educational outcomes are the most important factors regarding an addiction to video games. Boys are more affected than girls.	- (Risk) Low outcomes - (Risk) Gender: being a boy