Table 5.

Summary of articles on recommendations of CDC, validation of scale on smartphone addiction, and model of consumption.

Author	Type of population (age)	Total population	Addictive behavior	Results
Dean et al., 2014	10–30 years	55,772	Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, inhalants, stimulants, hallucinogens, drugs	Construction of six models of consumption. The earlier the initiation, the earlier the risk of regular consumption.
Kim et al., 2014	6–16 years	795	Smartphone	Validation of a scale for the measurement of a Smartphone addiction. Coefficient alpha of Cronbach to 0.88
Inman et al., 2011	3–18 years	Thirty-nine programs (including seven on addictions)	Alcohol, tobacco, other drugs	Reminder of the seven recommendations established by the CDC on tobacco prevention programs. Addiction prevention programs must register more generally in a school’s health promotion strategy.
LeNoue and Riggs, 2016	Not available	Four Principal programs	Alcohol, tobacco, other drugs	There is not enough scientific research to informed about efficacy of prevention interventions.