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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04763-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Working model. BsmR degrades c-di-GMP to decrease its cellular level, which activates the expression of FsnR, a transcriptional regulator controlling flagellar synthesis, to promote bacterial swimming motility and diminish the biofilm formation. Although as a response regulator, the PDE activity and the regulatory role of BsmR on bacterial swimming motility and biofilm formation do not depend on the phosphorylation level of BsmR but on its expression level, which is controlled by BsmT, another response regulator encoded by the bsmR operon. BsmT, working as a transcriptional regulator, directly binds to the promoter region of the bsmR operon and positively regulates the expression of all four genes in the bsmR operon, including bsmR. REC: conserved receiver domain; HTH: helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain; EAL: EAL domain; hallow arrows: transcription activation; ×: unknown regulatory elements;?: unknown regulatory role of ×.