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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4685. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04002-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SQD2.2 catalyzed the transfer of glucose from UDPG to apigenin and naringenin to generate apigenin 7-O-glucoside and naringenin 7-O-glucoside. (A) SQD2.2 protein was expressed in E. coli cells and was purified for the enzymatic activity assay. (B), (D) and (E) SQD2.2 activity toward apigenin to produce apigenin 7-O-glucoside using UDPG, but not ADPG or UDPGal, as a sugar donor (B,E). Protein from the cells expressing empty vector only was used as a control (D). Values are the mean ± SE (n = 3). (C) and (F) SQD2.2 activity toward naringenin to produce naringenin 7-O-glucoside using UDPG as a sugar donor. Purified SQD2.2 protein (5 μg) was added to 100 μl of the reaction mixture. Protein from the cells expressing empty vector only was used as a control. n.d., not detectable; M, protein ladder marker; A (api), apigenin; api7G, apigenin 7-O-glucoside; nar, naringenin; nar7G, naringenin 7-O-glucoside; UDPG, UDP-glucose; ADPG, ADP-glucose; UDPGal, UDP-galactose. Values are the mean ± SE (n = 3). Student’s t test; **P < 0.01.