Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants with and without incident type 2 diabetes.
| Men (n = 64875) | Women (n = 67502) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-diabetes (n = 61141) | Diabetes (n = 3734) | Non-diabetes (n = 64681) | Diabetes (n = 2821) | |
| Demographic Variables | ||||
| Age (years) | 44.5 ± 10.1 | 47.9 ± 10.6 | 44.9 ± 9.8 | 51.9 ± 10.0 |
| Family history of diabetes %, (n) | 21.9 (13405) | 31.0 (1157) | 23.9 (15477) | 28.9 (814) |
| Diagnosis of hypertension %, (n) | 17.3 (10580) | 30.9 (1154) | 13.1 (8453) | 37.4 (1054) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.0 | 26.0 ± 3.2 | 22.5 ± 3.3 | 25.6 ± 3.7 |
| Health Behavior | ||||
| Smoking, yes %, (n) | 36.2 (22114) | 40.5 (1513) | 4.8 (3073) | 3.6 (101) |
| Drinking, yes %, (n) | 29.2 (17834) | 35.0 (1305) | 5.9 (3789) | 6.6 (187) |
| Physical activity, activea %, (n) | 55.7 (34059) | 53.8 (2008) | 47.7 (30850) | 49.2 (1387) |
| Clinical | ||||
| FPG (mg/dL) | 97.7 ± 7.8 | 107.5 ± 9.8 | 94.5 ± 7.8 | 105.9 ± 10.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.9 ± 34.8 | 207.3 ± 37.1 | 195.4 ± 35.7 | 211.0 ± 39.0 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | ||||
| 1996–2004 | 132.8 ± 76.0 | 172.5 ± 98.6 | 99.5 ± 56.7 | 148.9 ± 92.2 |
| 2005–2014 | 132.0 ± 76.3 | 175.6 ± 92.9 | 87.6 ± 50.8 | 139.0 ± 68.9 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.6 ± 12.7 | 43.0 ± 11.9 | 59.0 ± 15.5 | 50.7 ± 14.3 |
| Diagnosis of NAFLD %, (n) | 41.1 (25147) | 61.4 (2294) | 20.9 (13528) | 51.1 (1441) |
| ALT (U/L) | 33.4 ± 35.3 | 43.5 ± 33.7 | 20.7 ± 20.5 | 31.1 ± 33.3 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.4 ± 18.1 | 29.2 ± 17.0 | 21.3 ± 13.1 | 26.5 ± 22.0 |
| GGT (U/L) | 31.5 ± 34.7 | 44.6 ± 50.1 | 18.0 ± 20.7 | 27.2 ± 27.7 |
| ALP (U/L)b | ||||
| 1996–2004 | 144.1 ± 43.3 | 149.5 ± 44.7 | 128.1 ± 49.4 | 151.7 ± 54.7 |
| 2005–2014 | 66.2 ± 16.9 | 69.3 ± 19.1 | 57.6 ± 19.1 | 68.8 ± 19.7 |
The values were described as mean ± SD for a continuous variable, and as frequency (n) for a categorical variable. Abbreviations: FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NAFLD, non alcoholic fatty acid disease; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.
aParticipants with active physical activity: metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week ≥3.75. bBecause a new analyzer was used in 2005 (using a different analysis method), the reference rage of Triglycerides and ALP are different before and after 2005.