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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05096-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Consumption of nopal, a vegetable rich in soluble and insoluble fibres, polyphenols, vitamin C and with a low glycemic index, reduces gut dysbiosis and increases the abundance of occludin-1 improving intestinal permeability associated with an increase in B fragilis which in turn reduces paracellular transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by the intestinal epithelium reducing metabolic endotoxemia. Nopal consumption also decreases the hypersecretion of glucose insulinotropic peptide (GIP). The metabolic consequences are a reduction in insulin resistance, lipogenesis, hepatic steatosis and cognitive damage. This figure was created using the software ChemBio Draw v. 13.0.2.3020 (www.cambridgesoft.com).