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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05096-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nopal consumption decreases oxidative stress and improves cognitive function. (A) Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the prefrontal cortex, (B) abeta_1–40 peptide in the ventral CA1 region, (C) spontaneous alternations and latency time, (D) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the stratum oriens and the stratum radiatum, (E) spine density in dendrites of the CA1 region, and (F) morphology of dendritic spines in the CA1 region. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5/group). Comparisons among groups were analysed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s PLSD test. Different letters indicate significant differences among groups (a > b > c > d).