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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04704-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mean (±SEM) delay to lever press (LP), regardless of lever choice, in choice trials at each risk level, averaged across all days of testing (days 1–20). Maximum potential delay to lever press is 10 s. AIE results in increased delay time at each of the 5 risk levels. * = p ≤ 0.01. Statistics: Multiple t-tests, Bonferonni correction −0% Risk: F(1,14) = 7.52, p = 0.008; 25% Risk: F(1,14) = 14.34, p = 0.001; 50% Risk: F(1,14) = 9.48, p = 0.004; 75% Risk: F(1,14) = 7.13, p = 0.009; 100% Risk: F(1,14) = 3.31, p = 0.045.